Woś Bartłomiej, Sierka Edyta, Kompała-Bąba Agnieszka, Bierza Wojciech, Chodak Marcin, Pietrzykowski Marcin
Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 10;924:171612. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171612. Epub 2024 Mar 9.
Various plant functional groups (PFGs) used in the reclamation of post-mining heaps may differ in their nutrient uptake efficiency and thus in their effect on the ecosystem development. The effect of PFGs may be additionally modified by the applied reclamation measures such as e.g. topsoiling. In this study we compared the nutrient uptake efficiencies and plant stoichiometry for two PFGs (grasses and forbs) growing on the sites reclaimed by applying topsoil (TS) and unreclaimed sites on carboniferous bare rock (BR) in hard coal spoil heap in Upper Silesia (southern Poland). Basic soil parameters, including pH, texture, soil organic carbon, and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), were measured, and the aboveground plant biomass and nutrient content in plant tissue were determined. Forbs were characterized by a larger biomass and higher nutrient concentrations (except for P) than grasses. The TS treatment supported higher concentrations of N and P in plant tissues but not to the level ensuring more significant primary biomass production. The nutrient concentration and elemental stoichiometry in plant tissue indicated that N was the primary limiting element. However, the major growth limitation for N-fixing forbs was from P. Forbs were much more efficient in nutrient uptake than grasses, independent of the reclamation treatment. Therefore, they stimulate nutrient cycling in the restored ecosystems more than grasses.
用于煤矿开采后矸石山复垦的各种植物功能群（PFGs）在养分吸收效率上可能存在差异，进而对生态系统发育产生不同影响。PFGs的影响可能会因诸如表土覆盖等应用的复垦措施而进一步改变。在本研究中，我们比较了在上西里西亚（波兰南部）硬煤矸石山的石炭纪裸岩（BR）上通过表土覆盖（TS）复垦的场地以及未复垦场地上生长的两种PFGs（禾本科植物和杂类草）的养分吸收效率和植物化学计量特征。测量了包括pH值、质地、土壤有机碳和养分（氮、磷、钾、钙和镁）在内的基本土壤参数，并测定了地上植物生物量和植物组织中的养分含量。杂类草的生物量和养分浓度（除磷外）均高于禾本科植物。TS处理使植物组织中的氮和磷浓度更高，但未达到确保更显著初级生物量生产的水平。植物组织中的养分浓度和元素化学计量特征表明，氮是主要的限制元素。然而，固氮杂类草的主要生长限制因素是磷。无论复垦处理如何，杂类草在养分吸收方面都比禾本科植物高效得多。因此，它们比禾本科植物更能促进恢复生态系统中的养分循环。
