Giesler Lauren P, O'Brien William T, Symons Georgia F, Salberg Sabrina, Spitz Gershon, Wesselingh Robb, O'Brien Terence J, Mychasiuk Richelle, Shultz Sandy R, McDonald Stuart J
Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Neurotrauma Rep. 2024 Jan 30;5(1):74-80. doi: 10.1089/neur.2023.0086. eCollection 2024.
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and concussions are prevalent in collision sports, and there is evidence that levels of exposure to such sports may increase the risk of neurological abnormalities. Elevated levels of fluid-based biomarkers have been observed after concussions or among athletes with a history of participating in collision sports, and certain biomarkers exhibit sensitivity toward neurodegeneration. This study investigated a cohort of 28 male amateur athletes competing in "Masters" competitions for persons >35 years of age. The primary objective of this study was to compare the levels of blood and saliva biomarkers associated with brain injury, inflammation, aging, and neurodegeneration between athletes with an extensive history of collision sport participation (i.e., median = 27 years; interquartile range = 18-44, minimum = 8) and those with no history. Plasma proteins associated with neural damage and neurodegeneration were measured using Simoa assays, and saliva was analyzed for markers associated with inflammation and telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. There were no significant differences between collision and non-collision sport athletes for plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, tau, tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Moreover, salivary levels of genes associated with inflammation and telomere length were similar between groups. There were no significant differences between groups in symptom frequency or severity on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition. Overall, these findings provide preliminary evidence that biomarkers associated with neural tissue damage, neurodegeneration, and inflammation may not exhibit significant alterations in asymptomatic amateur athletes with an extensive history of amateur collision sport participation.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和脑震荡在碰撞类运动中很常见，并且有证据表明参与此类运动的程度可能会增加神经功能异常的风险。在脑震荡后或有参与碰撞类运动史的运动员中，已观察到基于液体的生物标志物水平升高，并且某些生物标志物对神经退行性变表现出敏感性。本研究调查了一组28名参加35岁以上人群“大师赛”的男性业余运动员。本研究的主要目的是比较有广泛碰撞类运动参与史的运动员（即中位数=27年；四分位间距=18 - 44，最小值=8）和无此类运动史的运动员之间与脑损伤、炎症、衰老和神经退行性变相关的血液和唾液生物标志物水平。使用单分子阵列（Simoa）检测法测量与神经损伤和神经退行性变相关的血浆蛋白，并使用定量实时聚合酶链反应分析唾液中与炎症和端粒长度相关的标志物。对于胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经丝轻链、泛素C末端水解酶L1、tau、苏氨酸181位点磷酸化的tau以及脑源性神经营养因子的血浆水平，碰撞类运动运动员和非碰撞类运动运动员之间没有显著差异。此外，两组之间与炎症和端粒长度相关的唾液基因水平相似。在《运动脑震荡评估工具第5版》的症状频率或严重程度方面，两组之间没有显著差异。总体而言，这些发现提供了初步证据，表明与神经组织损伤、神经退行性变和炎症相关的生物标志物在有广泛业余碰撞类运动参与史的无症状业余运动员中可能不会表现出显著变化。
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