Arjkumpa Orapun, Wachoom Wanwisa, Puyati Bopit, Jindajang Sirima, Suwannaboon Minta, Premashthira Sith, Prarakamawongsa Tippawon, Dejyong Tosapol, Sansamur Chalutwan, Salvador Roderick, Jainonthee Chalita, Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Animal Health Section, The 4th Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
Nawa District Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Feb 22;11:1338713. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1338713. eCollection 2024.
Thailand experienced a nationwide outbreak of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in 2021, highlighting the need for effective prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to identify herd-level risk factors associated with LSD outbreaks in beef cattle herds across different regions of Thailand.
A case-control study was conducted in upper northeastern, northeastern, and central regions, where face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariable and multivariable mixed effect logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the factors associated with LSD outbreaks. A total of 489 beef herds, including 161 LSD outbreak herds and 328 non-LSD herds, were investigated.
Results showed that 66% of farmers have operated beef herds for more than five years. There were very few animal movements during the outbreak period. None of the cattle had been vaccinated with LSD vaccines. Insects that have the potential to act as vectors for LSD were observed in all herds. Thirty-four percent of farmers have implemented insect control measures. The final mixed effect logistic regression model identified herds operating for more than five years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.53) and the absence of insect control management on the herd (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29-3.25) to be associated with LSD outbreaks. The implementation of insect-vector control measures in areas at risk of LSD, especially for herds without vaccination against the disease, should be emphasized. This study provides the first report on risk factors for LSD outbreaks in naïve cattle herds in Thailand and offers useful information for the development of LSD prevention and control programs within the country's context.
泰国在2021年经历了全国性的牛结节性皮肤病（LSD）疫情，凸显了制定有效预防和控制策略的必要性。本研究旨在确定泰国不同地区肉牛群中与LSD疫情相关的畜群层面风险因素。
在泰国东北部上半区、东北部和中部地区开展了一项病例对照研究，通过半结构化问卷对养殖户进行面对面访谈。采用单变量和多变量混合效应逻辑回归分析来确定与LSD疫情相关的因素。共调查了489个肉牛群，其中包括161个发生LSD疫情的牛群和328个未发生LSD疫情的牛群。
结果显示，66%的养殖户经营肉牛群超过五年。疫情期间动物流动极少。所有牛群均未接种LSD疫苗。在所有牛群中均观察到有可能作为LSD传播媒介的昆虫。34%的养殖户实施了昆虫控制措施。最终的混合效应逻辑回归模型确定，经营超过五年的牛群（优势比[OR]：1.62，95%置信区间[CI]：1.04 - 2.53）以及牛群未实施昆虫控制管理（OR：2.05，95% CI：1.29 - 3.25）与LSD疫情相关。应强调在LSD风险地区实施昆虫传播媒介控制措施，特别是对于未接种该病疫苗的牛群。本研究首次报告了泰国未感染过该病的牛群中LSD疫情的风险因素，并为在该国背景下制定LSD预防和控制计划提供了有用信息。
