Jabbar Muhammad Haider, Atif Farhan Ahmad, Kashif Muhammad, Ahmed Ishtiaq, Iarussi Fabrizio, Swelum Ayman A
Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine Section, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan.
Sub-Campus of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 13;20(1):e0315532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315532. eCollection 2025.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging, highly contagious transboundary disease of bovines caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), responsible for substantial economic losses to the dairy, meat, and leather industries in Pakistan as well as various countries around the world. Epidemiological information on LSD is scarce in Punjab, Pakistan. Therefore, a molecular epidemiological study was conducted in two agro-ecologically diverse districts (Bhakkar and Jhang) of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 800 blood samples were randomly collected from the jugular vein of clinically suspected cattle with nodular lesions using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The sampling unit was indigenous, crossbred, and exotic breeds of cattle. Four hundred samples were collected from each district. Ten union councils (UC) were selected from each district, and two villages were selected from each union council. From each village, twenty cattle were selected for sample collection. The PCR-based overall prevalence of LSDV in clinically suspected cattle using the P32 gene was 36.25% (36.25%; 290/800). The multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that animals who were not treated with acaricide (P = 0.014; OR = 1.459; C.I = 1.079-1.972), body condition score (emaciated animals; P = 0.019; OR = 1.573; CI = 1.076-2.301), and gender (female; (P = 0.016; OR = 1.435; CI = 1.072-1.969) were significantly at higher risk for LSDV infection in cattle. The phylogenetic insights revealed that our isolates were linked to Kenya, China, Russia, Egypt, India, Zimbabwe, Iraq, and Iran. It can be concluded that LSD is widely distributed in the study area, with evidence of genetic diversity. Further studies are required on genetic composition using variable genetic markers for effective control and eradication of LSDV in Pakistan.
结节性皮肤病（LSD）是一种由结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）引起的、新出现的、具有高度传染性的牛类跨界疾病，给巴基斯坦以及世界各国的乳制品、肉类和皮革行业造成了巨大经济损失。在巴基斯坦旁遮普省，关于结节性皮肤病的流行病学信息匮乏。因此，在巴基斯坦旁遮普省两个农业生态多样的地区（巴卡尔和詹格）开展了一项分子流行病学研究。采用多阶段整群抽样技术，从临床疑似患有结节性病变的牛的颈静脉中随机采集了800份血样。抽样单位为本地牛、杂交牛和外来品种牛。每个地区采集400份样本。从每个地区选取10个联合委员会（UC），从每个联合委员会中选取2个村庄。从每个村庄选取20头牛进行样本采集。使用P32基因，基于PCR技术检测临床疑似牛中LSDV的总体患病率为36.25%（36.25%；290/800）。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，未使用杀螨剂治疗的动物（P = 0.014；OR = 1.459；置信区间 = 1.079 - 1.972）、体况评分（消瘦动物；P = 0.019；OR = 1.573；置信区间 = 1.076 - 2.301）以及性别（雌性；（P = 0.016；OR = 1.435；置信区间 = 1.072 - 1.969）在牛感染LSDV方面的风险显著更高。系统发育分析表明，我们分离出的病毒与肯尼亚、中国、俄罗斯、埃及、印度、津巴布韦、伊拉克和伊朗的病毒存在关联。可以得出结论，结节性皮肤病在研究区域广泛分布，存在遗传多样性的证据。需要进一步使用可变遗传标记对遗传组成进行研究，以有效控制和根除巴基斯坦的LSDV。
