School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Paediatr Drugs. 2024 May;26(3):245-257. doi: 10.1007/s40272-024-00620-2. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
Alopecia areata (AA) lifetime incidence is around 2%, with many patients first experiencing symptoms during childhood. However, ritlecitinib is the only FDA-approved treatment for pediatric patients 12 years and older. This review outlines reported topical, injectable, and oral treatment options for pediatric patients with AA. Clinical studies were obtained via a PubMed search using the following search terms: alopecia areata, areata, universalis, or totalis and medication, therapy, treatment, drug, or management. Only studies with pediatric patients were included in this review. Commonly used therapies, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, and minoxidil, newer promising medications, such as Janus kinase inhibitors, and less frequently used topical and systemic treatments are included. A summary of the drug development pipeline and ongoing interventional clinical trials with pediatric patients is provided. Treatments demonstrate variable efficacy, and many patients require combination therapy for maximal response. More robust clinical data is needed for many of the medications reviewed in order to provide better care for these patients.
斑秃（AA）的终身发病率约为 2%，许多患者在儿童时期首次出现症状。然而，ritlecitinib 是唯一获 FDA 批准用于 12 岁及以上儿科患者的治疗药物。本综述概述了已报道的用于治疗儿童斑秃患者的局部、注射和口服治疗选择。通过使用以下搜索词在 PubMed 上进行了临床研究检索：斑秃、斑秃、普秃或全秃和药物、治疗、疗法、药物或管理。本综述仅纳入了针对儿科患者的研究。包括常用疗法，如皮质类固醇、甲氨蝶呤和米诺地尔，以及较新的有前途的药物，如 JAK 抑制剂，以及不太常用的局部和全身治疗。提供了药物开发管道和正在进行的儿科患者干预性临床试验的摘要。治疗方法的疗效各不相同，许多患者需要联合治疗以获得最大反应。为了为这些患者提供更好的护理，许多已审查的药物都需要更强大的临床数据。
