Harwood Gyan P, Prayugo Vincent, Dolezal Adam G
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
Front Insect Sci. 2022 Jul 11;2:907555. doi: 10.3389/finsc.2022.907555. eCollection 2022.
Honey bees face many environmental stressors, including exposure to pesticides and pathogens. A novel butenolide pesticide, flupyradifurone, was recently introduced to the US and shown to have a bee-friendly toxicity profile. Like the much-scrutinized neonicotinoids that preceded it, flupyradifurone targets the insect nervous system. Some neonicotinoids have been shown to interfere with antiviral immunity, which raised the concern that similar effects may be observed with flupyradifurone. In this study, we investigated how flupyradifurone and a neonicotinoid, clothianidin, affect the ability of honey bee workers to combat an infection of (IAPV). We exposed workers to field-realistic doses of the pesticides either with or without co-exposure with the virus, and then tracked survival and changes in viral titers. We repeated the experiment in the spring and fall to look for any seasonal effects. We found that flupyradifurone caused elevated mortality in the fall, but it did not lead to increased virus-induced mortality. Flupyradifurone also appeared to affect virus clearance, as bees co-exposed to the pesticide and virus tended to have higher viral titers after 48 hours than those exposed to the virus alone. Clothianidin had no effect on viral titers, and it actually appeared to increase resistance to viral infection in spring bees.
蜜蜂面临许多环境压力因素，包括接触杀虫剂和病原体。一种新型丁烯内酯类杀虫剂氟吡呋喃酮最近被引入美国，并且显示出对蜜蜂毒性较低的特点。和之前备受 scrutiny的新烟碱类杀虫剂一样，氟吡呋喃酮作用于昆虫神经系统。一些新烟碱类杀虫剂已被证明会干扰抗病毒免疫力，这引发了人们对氟吡呋喃酮可能产生类似影响的担忧。在本研究中，我们调查了氟吡呋喃酮和一种新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺如何影响蜜蜂工蜂对抗以色列急性麻痹病毒（IAPV）感染的能力。我们让工蜂接触实际田间剂量的杀虫剂，无论是否同时接触病毒，然后追踪其存活率和病毒滴度的变化。我们在春季和秋季重复了该实验，以寻找任何季节性影响。我们发现氟吡呋喃酮在秋季导致死亡率升高，但并未导致病毒诱导的死亡率增加。氟吡呋喃酮似乎也影响病毒清除，因为同时接触杀虫剂和病毒的蜜蜂在48小时后往往比仅接触病毒的蜜蜂具有更高的病毒滴度。噻虫胺对病毒滴度没有影响，实际上它似乎增加了春季蜜蜂对病毒感染的抵抗力。
