Kinney C K
Nurs Res. 1985 May-Jun;34(3):170-6.
This study tested 101 beginning nurses for the relationships of three personality variables, ego development, sex typing, and assertiveness, to role conceptions and role conception combinations. Responses were examined on four self-completion questionnaires. Two research questions guided the study; one examined the relationships of the personality variables to role conceptions and the other examined the contribution of the personality variables to the role conception combinations. The correlation analysis for the first research question indicated that of all the variables examined, the femininity (F) and masculinity-femininity (MF) sex-typing attributes contributed most toward understanding which nurses were likely to hold particular role conceptions. Both of these sex-typing attributes were related to two role conceptions; F was related to professional role and service role conceptions, MF to bureaucratic and service role conceptions. Assertiveness was also significantly related to the professional role conception. The multivariate analysis of variance, used to examine the second research question, indicated that the nurses in the four role combinations (the number of roles held to a high degree) differed in their mean scores on some combination of one or more personality variables. Follow-up analyses indicated the MF score and the androgynous sex-typing category were both significantly higher for nurses who held all three role conceptions to a high degree.
本研究对101名初入职护士进行了测试，以探究自我发展、性别角色类型和自信这三个人格变量与角色观念及角色观念组合之间的关系。通过四份自填式问卷对回答进行了分析。本研究由两个研究问题指导；一个问题探究人格变量与角色观念之间的关系，另一个问题探究人格变量对角色观念组合的贡献。针对第一个研究问题的相关分析表明，在所有被考察的变量中，女性特质（F）和男性-女性特质（MF）这两种性别角色类型属性，在理解哪些护士可能持有特定角色观念方面贡献最大。这两种性别角色类型属性均与两种角色观念相关；F与专业角色和服务角色观念相关，MF与官僚角色和服务角色观念相关。自信也与专业角色观念显著相关。用于考察第二个研究问题的多变量方差分析表明，处于四种角色组合（高度持有角色的数量）中的护士，在一个或多个人格变量的某些组合上，其平均得分存在差异。后续分析表明，高度持有所有三种角色观念的护士，其MF得分和双性化性别角色类型类别均显著更高。
