Klinkhammer Simona, Duits Annelien A, Horn Janneke, Slooter Arjen J C, Verwijk Esmée, Van Santen Susanne, Visser-Meily Johanna M A, Van Heugten Caroline
School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
J Rehabil Med. 2024 Mar 12;56:jrm25315. doi: 10.2340/jrm.v56.25315.
To investigate the prevalence and trajectories of post-COVID-19 neuropsychological symptoms.
Prospective longitudinal multicentre cohort study.
A total of 205 patients initially hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
Validated questionnaires were administered at 9 months (T1) and 15 months (T2) post-hospital discharge to assess fatigue, cognitive complaints, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms.
Analyses included 184 out of 205 patients. Approximately 50% experienced high cognitive complaints at T1 and T2, while severe fatigue affected 52.5% at T1 and 55.6% at T2. Clinically relevant insomnia scores were observed in 25% of patients at both time-points. Clinically relevant anxiety scores were present in 18.3% at T1 and 16.7% at T2, depression in 15.0% at T1 and 18.9% at T2, and PTSD in 12.4% at T1 and 11.8% at T2. Most symptoms remained stable, with 59.2% of patients experiencing at least 1 persistent symptom. In addition, 31.5% of patients developed delayed-onset symptoms.
Post-COVID-19 cognitive complaints and fatigue are highly prevalent and often persist. A subgroup develops delayed symptoms. Emotional distress is limited. Screening can help identify most patients experiencing long-term problems. Future research should determine risk factors for persistent and delayed onset symptoms.
调查新冠病毒感染后神经心理症状的患病率及发展轨迹。
前瞻性纵向多中心队列研究。
共有205例最初因感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2，即新冠病毒）而住院的患者。
在出院后9个月（T1）和15个月（T2）进行经过验证的问卷调查，以评估疲劳、认知主诉、失眠、焦虑、抑郁和创伤后应激症状。
分析纳入了205例患者中的184例。约50%的患者在T1和T2时出现高度认知主诉，而严重疲劳在T1时影响52.5%的患者，在T2时影响55.6%的患者。在两个时间点，25%的患者出现具有临床意义的失眠评分。具有临床意义的焦虑评分在T1时为18.3%，在T2时为16.7%；抑郁在T1时为15.0%，在T2时为18.9%；创伤后应激障碍在T1时为12.4%，在T2时为11.8%。大多数症状保持稳定，59.2%的患者至少有1种持续症状。此外，31.5%的患者出现延迟症状。
新冠病毒感染后认知主诉和疲劳非常普遍且常持续存在。一小部分患者会出现延迟症状。情绪困扰有限。筛查有助于识别大多数有长期问题的患者。未来的研究应确定持续症状和延迟症状的危险因素。
