D'Souza Arun, Zink Katharina, Langhorst Jost, Wildner Manfred, Stupp Carolin, Keil Thomas
State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Complement Med Res. 2024;31(3):253-265. doi: 10.1159/000536528. Epub 2024 Mar 12.
BACKGROUND: For centuries, spring and other natural waters have been recommended as external or internal remedies for numerous diseases. For studies that examined the effects of drinking mineral waters against heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), or functional dyspepsia, a systematic review is lacking. OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of drinking natural mineral waters on heartburn from various causes by identifying all published intervention studies and critically appraising their methods as well as summarizing their results. METHODS: We systematically searched the largest medical literature database MEDLINE, further relevant web sources, and gray literature for randomized and nonrandomized trials, with or without control groups, up to September 2021 and no language restrictions. Further inclusion criteria were adult patients with heartburn, drinking cure with natural mineral water as the intervention, compared to no or other interventions (care-as-usual, waiting list). We defined the reduction of heartburn symptoms and duration of disease episodes as primary and quality of life as secondary outcomes. Two reviewers independently carried out the study quality assessments (risk of bias) using the National Institutes of Health-Study Quality Assessment Tools. RESULTS: Nine trials comprising 393 patients from Italy, Russia, Ukraine, and Germany fulfilled all inclusion criteria. We identified three randomized controlled trials (all with poor methodological quality), plus six before-after (pre/post) intervention studies without a control group. The intervention groups of the three comparative trials seemed to show a stronger reduction of self-reported heartburn symptoms, and duration of heartburn episodes than the respective control groups; however, they all had poor methodological quality. CONCLUSION: Based on the best available evidence of clinical studies, we cannot recommend or advise against drinking natural mineral waters as a treatment for heartburn. The potential benefits of natural mineral waters that were reported in some studies with a lower evidence level (e.g., lacking a control group) should be verified by good quality randomized clinical trials with adequate comparison groups and longer follow-up periods. UNLABELLED:
背景:几个世纪以来,泉水和其他天然水一直被推荐作为多种疾病的外用或内用治疗方法。对于研究饮用矿泉水对烧心、胃食管反流病(GERD)或功能性消化不良的影响的研究,缺乏系统评价。 目的:本系统评价的主要目的是通过识别所有已发表的干预研究、严格评估其方法并总结其结果,来研究饮用天然矿泉水对各种原因引起的烧心的影响。 方法:我们系统地检索了最大的医学文献数据库MEDLINE、其他相关网络资源和灰色文献,以查找截至2021年9月的随机和非随机试验,有无对照组均可,且无语言限制。进一步的纳入标准是患有烧心的成年患者,以饮用天然矿泉水作为干预措施进行治疗,与不进行干预或其他干预措施(常规护理、等待名单)进行比较。我们将烧心症状的减轻和疾病发作的持续时间定义为主要结局,将生活质量定义为次要结局。两名评审员使用美国国立卫生研究院研究质量评估工具独立进行研究质量评估(偏倚风险)。 结果:来自意大利、俄罗斯、乌克兰和德国的9项试验共393名患者符合所有纳入标准。我们确定了3项随机对照试验(所有试验的方法学质量都很差),以及6项无对照组的前后干预研究。三项比较试验的干预组似乎比各自的对照组在自我报告的烧心症状和烧心发作持续时间上有更明显的减轻;然而,它们的方法学质量都很差。 结论:基于临床研究的现有最佳证据,我们既不能推荐也不能反对饮用天然矿泉水来治疗烧心。一些证据水平较低(例如缺乏对照组)的研究中报告的天然矿泉水的潜在益处,应该通过有适当比较组和更长随访期的高质量随机临床试验来验证。
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