Jakobek Lidija, Pöc Kristina, Valenteković Matea, Matić Petra
Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
Foods. 2024 Feb 24;13(5):693. doi: 10.3390/foods13050693.
The fate of phenolic compounds during digestion is important for their bioactive effects in the digestive tract. The aim was to study the various phenolic compounds occurring in the peel and flesh of apples in in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion, focusing on the behavior of chlorogenic acids. Additionally, the behavior of individual chlorogenic acids (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, and cryptochlorogenic) was studied in models of simulated salivary, gastric, and intestinal fluid electrolyte solutions (SSF, SGF, SIF). At the end of the intestinal phase of the digestion of peel and flesh, the amount of recovered dihydrochalcones and flavonols increased or was similar to the amount in the gastric phase, which showed their stability. Anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols decreased, which suggests their biotransformation. Chlorogenic acid isomerized into neochlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acid: chlorogenic acid from the peel into 22% and 41% of the isomers in the salivary and intestinal phases, respectively; chlorogenic acid from the flesh into 12% of the isomers in the intestinal phase. Similarly, chlorogenic acid isomerized in model solutions (20% and 26% of the isomers in SSF and SIF, respectively). Neochlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acid isomerized in SSF and SIF into other two forms. They were all stable in SGF. For bioactive effects in the digestive tract, the biotransformation of chlorogenic acids should be considered.
酚类化合物在消化过程中的命运对于它们在消化道中的生物活性作用至关重要。目的是研究苹果皮和果肉中存在的各种酚类化合物在体外模拟胃肠道消化中的情况，重点关注绿原酸的行为。此外，还在模拟唾液、胃液和肠液电解质溶液（SSF、SGF、SIF）模型中研究了各个绿原酸（绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸）的行为。在皮和果肉消化的肠道阶段结束时，回收的二氢查耳酮和黄酮醇的量增加或与胃阶段的量相似，这表明它们具有稳定性。花青素和黄烷-3-醇减少，这表明它们发生了生物转化。绿原酸异构化为新绿原酸和隐绿原酸：皮中的绿原酸在唾液和肠道阶段分别异构化为22%和41%的异构体；果肉中的绿原酸在肠道阶段异构化为12%的异构体。同样，绿原酸在模型溶液中也发生异构化（在SSF和SIF中分别为20%和26%的异构体）。新绿原酸和隐绿原酸在SSF和SIF中异构化为其他两种形式。它们在SGF中均稳定。对于在消化道中的生物活性作用，应考虑绿原酸的生物转化。
