Bretscher Peter Alan
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Heath Sciences Building, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S5N 5E5, Canada.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 27;25(5):2726. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052726.
Most basic studies directed at how immune responses are regulated employ chemically "simple antigens", usually purified proteins. The target antigens in many clinical situations, such as in autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer, are chemically "complex", consisting of several distinct molecules, and they often are part of a replicating entity. We examine here the relationships between how immune responses to complex and simple antigens are regulated. This examination provides a context for considering how immune responses are regulated in those clinical situations involving complex antigens. I have proposed and discuss here a mechanism by which immune responses to the envisaged complex target antigen in remitting/relapsing multiple sclerosis go back and forth between inflammatory and non-inflammatory modes, potentially accounting for the course of this disease. This proposal makes predictions that can be tested by non-invasive means. It also leads to a suggestion for simple, non-invasive treatment.
大多数针对免疫反应如何调节的基础研究采用化学“简单抗原”，通常是纯化的蛋白质。在许多临床情况下，如自身免疫性疾病、传染病和癌症中的靶抗原，在化学上是“复杂的”，由几个不同的分子组成，并且它们通常是复制实体的一部分。我们在此研究对复杂抗原和简单抗原的免疫反应调节方式之间的关系。这种研究为思考在涉及复杂抗原的临床情况下免疫反应如何调节提供了背景。我在此提出并讨论了一种机制，通过该机制，缓解/复发型多发性硬化症中针对设想的复杂靶抗原的免疫反应在炎症和非炎症模式之间来回切换，这可能解释了该疾病的病程。这一观点做出了可以通过非侵入性方法进行检验的预测。它还引出了一种简单、非侵入性治疗的建议。
