Aseev Leonid V, Koledinskaya Ludmila S, Boni Irina V
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 3;25(5):2957. doi: 10.3390/ijms25052957.
Ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) are abundant, highly conserved, and multifaceted cellular proteins in all domains of life. Most r-proteins have RNA-binding properties and can form protein-protein contacts. Bacterial r-proteins govern the co-transcriptional rRNA folding during ribosome assembly and participate in the formation of the ribosome functional sites, such as the mRNA-binding site, tRNA-binding sites, the peptidyl transferase center, and the protein exit tunnel. In addition to their primary role in a cell as integral components of the protein synthesis machinery, many r-proteins can function beyond the ribosome (the phenomenon known as moonlighting), acting either as individual regulatory proteins or in complexes with various cellular components. The extraribosomal activities of r-proteins have been studied over the decades. In the past decade, our understanding of r-protein functions has advanced significantly due to intensive studies on ribosomes and gene expression mechanisms not only in model bacteria like or but also in little-explored bacterial species from various phyla. The aim of this review is to update information on the multiple functions of r-proteins in bacteria.
核糖体蛋白（r蛋白）是生命所有领域中丰富、高度保守且具有多方面功能的细胞蛋白。大多数r蛋白具有RNA结合特性，并且能形成蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。细菌r蛋白在核糖体组装过程中调控rRNA的共转录折叠，并参与核糖体功能位点的形成，如mRNA结合位点、tRNA结合位点、肽基转移酶中心和蛋白质出口通道。除了作为蛋白质合成机器的组成部分在细胞中发挥主要作用外，许多r蛋白还能在核糖体之外发挥功能（这种现象称为兼职），要么作为单独的调节蛋白，要么与各种细胞成分形成复合物发挥作用。几十年来，人们一直在研究r蛋白的核糖体外活性。在过去十年中，由于不仅对诸如[具体菌种1]或[具体菌种2]等模式细菌，而且对来自不同门类的鲜为人知的细菌物种的核糖体和基因表达机制进行了深入研究，我们对r蛋白功能的理解有了显著进展。本综述的目的是更新关于细菌中r蛋白多种功能的信息。
