Sarma Kangkan, Akther Md Habban, Ahmad Irfan, Afzal Obaid, Altamimi Abdulmalik S A, Alossaimi Manal A, Jaremko Mariusz, Emwas Abdul-Hamid, Gautam Preety
School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62521, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2024 Feb 29;29(5):1076. doi: 10.3390/molecules29051076.
Lung cancer has the lowest survival rate due to its late-stage diagnosis, poor prognosis, and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. These factors decrease the effectiveness of treatment. They release chemokines and cytokines from the tumor microenvironment (TME). To improve the effectiveness of treatment, researchers emphasize personalized adjuvant therapies along with conventional ones. Targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems and specific pathway-blocking agents using nanocarriers are a few of them. This study explored the nanocarrier roles and strategies to improve the treatment profile's effectiveness by striving for TME. A biofunctionalized nanocarrier stimulates biosystem interaction, cellular uptake, immune system escape, and vascular changes for penetration into the TME. Inorganic metal compounds scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) through their photothermal effect. Stroma, hypoxia, pH, and immunity-modulating agents conjugated or modified nanocarriers co-administered with pathway-blocking or condition-modulating agents can regulate extracellular matrix (ECM), Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF),Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk receptors (TAM) regulation, regulatory T-cell (Treg) inhibition, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) inhibition. Again, biomimetic conjugation or the surface modification of nanocarriers using ligands can enhance active targeting efficacy by bypassing the TME. A carrier system with biofunctionalized inorganic metal compounds and organic compound complex-loaded drugs is convenient for NSCLC-targeted therapy.
由于肺癌晚期诊断、预后不良和肿瘤内异质性，其生存率最低。这些因素降低了治疗效果。它们从肿瘤微环境（TME）中释放趋化因子和细胞因子。为了提高治疗效果，研究人员强调个性化辅助治疗以及传统治疗。使用纳米载体的靶向化疗药物递送系统和特定途径阻断剂就是其中的一些方法。本研究探讨了纳米载体的作用和策略，通过针对TME来提高治疗方案的有效性。生物功能化纳米载体刺激生物系统相互作用、细胞摄取、免疫系统逃逸和血管变化，以便渗透到TME中。无机金属化合物通过其光热效应清除活性氧（ROS）。与途径阻断剂或条件调节剂共同给药的、缀合或修饰有基质、缺氧、pH和免疫调节剂的纳米载体可以调节细胞外基质（ECM）、癌症相关成纤维细胞（CAF）、酪氨酸激酶3（Tyro3）、Axl和Mertk受体（TAM）调节、调节性T细胞（Treg）抑制和髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）抑制。同样，使用配体对纳米载体进行仿生缀合或表面修饰可以绕过TME增强主动靶向疗效。具有生物功能化无机金属化合物和负载有机化合物复合物药物的载体系统便于非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗。
