Gil-Andrés Delia, Cabañas-Alite Luis
Internal Medicine Department, Manises' Hospital, Av. De la Generalitat Valenciana, 50, 46940 Manises, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, C. del Padre Julio Chevalier, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Mar 6;16(5):752. doi: 10.3390/nu16050752.
Malnutrition during cancer has a negative impact on prognosis and quality of life. Therefore, it is important to identify those patients at higher nutritional risk to prevent its development. There are nutritional screening tools, such as MUST and NRS-2002, that focus on the patient on admission to hospital. However, most patients will develop malnutrition in the outpatient or ambulatory setting. This study aims to determine which nutritional screening tool is most effective in assessing nutritional risk in the outpatient oncology patient, highlighting the parameters analysed by these tools. Seventeen articles were reviewed, with the most important variables being tumour location, tumour stage, age, and gender, as well as recent weight loss, dietary intake, and digestive disorders. The Nutriscore, NRS-2002, and MUST tools are considered suitable, but the choice varies depending on these parameters. MNA is suitable for elderly patients, while SNAQ was not considered reliable in this population. In conclusion, MUST, NRS-2002, and Nutriscore are suitable tools, but their choice depends on specific characteristics. There is currently no universal tool for nutritional risk assessment in outpatients.
癌症期间的营养不良会对预后和生活质量产生负面影响。因此，识别那些营养风险较高的患者以预防营养不良的发生非常重要。有一些营养筛查工具，如营养不良通用筛查工具（MUST）和营养风险筛查2002（NRS - 2002），它们侧重于对入院患者进行评估。然而，大多数患者会在门诊或非卧床环境中出现营养不良。本研究旨在确定哪种营养筛查工具在评估门诊肿瘤患者的营养风险方面最有效，并突出这些工具所分析的参数。共审查了17篇文章，其中最重要的变量包括肿瘤位置、肿瘤分期、年龄、性别，以及近期体重减轻情况、饮食摄入量和消化紊乱情况。营养评分（Nutriscore）、NRS - 2002和MUST工具被认为是合适的，但选择会因这些参数而有所不同。微型营养评定法（MNA）适用于老年患者，而简短营养评估问卷（SNAQ）在该人群中被认为不可靠。总之，MUST、NRS - 2002和Nutriscore都是合适的工具，但它们的选择取决于特定特征。目前尚无用于门诊患者营养风险评估的通用工具。
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