Xu Qi, Dong Xiaomei, Huang Weixiong, Li Zhaoyang, Huang Tongtong, Song Zaijin, Yang Yuhui, Chen Jinsai
College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Feb 26;13(5):640. doi: 10.3390/plants13050640.
Water scarcity constrains the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and deficit irrigation as a new irrigation technology can effectively alleviate the problems of water scarcity and water use inefficiency in agriculture. In this study, the drip irrigation cotton field under film in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. Meta-analysis and machine learning were used to quantitatively analyze the effects of different farm management practices, climate, and soil conditions on cotton yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation, to investigate the importance of the effects of different factors on cotton yield and water use efficiency, and to formulate appropriate optimization strategies. The results showed that deficit irrigation significantly increased cotton water use efficiency (7.39%) but decreased cotton yield (-15.00%) compared with full irrigation. All three deficit irrigation levels (80100% FI, 6080% FI, and 4060% FI; FI: full irrigation) showed a significant decrease in cotton yield and a significant increase in water use efficiency. Under deficit irrigation, cotton yield reduction was the smallest and cotton water use efficiency increased the most when planted with one film, two tubes, a six-row cropping pattern, an irrigation frequency ≥10 times, a nitrogen application of 300400 kg·ha, and a crop density ≥240,000 per hectare, and planted with the Xinluzhong series of cotton varieties; deficit irrigation in areas with average annual temperature >10 °C, annual evapotranspiration >2000 mm, annual precipitation <60 mm, and with loam, sandy soil had the least inhibition of cotton yield and the greatest increase in cotton water use efficiency. The results of the random forest showed that the irrigation amount and nitrogen application had the greatest influence on cotton yield and water use efficiency. Rational irrigation based on optimal management practices under conditions of irrigation not less than 90% FI is expected to achieve a win-win situation for both cotton yield and water use efficiency. The above results can provide the best strategy for deficit irrigation and efficient water use in drip irrigation cotton under film in arid areas.
水资源短缺制约着中国农业的可持续发展，而亏缺灌溉作为一种新型灌溉技术，能够有效缓解农业水资源短缺和用水效率低下的问题。本研究以新疆膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象，采用Meta分析和机器学习方法，定量分析不同农田管理措施、气候和土壤条件对亏缺灌溉下棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响，探究不同因素对棉花产量和水分利用效率影响的重要性，并制定相应的优化策略。结果表明，与充分灌溉相比，亏缺灌溉显著提高了棉花水分利用效率（7.39%），但降低了棉花产量（-15.00%）。三种亏缺灌溉水平（80100%充分灌溉量、6080%充分灌溉量和4060%充分灌溉量；充分灌溉量：充分灌溉）均使棉花产量显著降低，水分利用效率显著提高。在亏缺灌溉条件下，采用一膜两管、六行种植模式、灌溉频率≥10次、施氮量300400 kg·ha、作物密度≥24万株/公顷，并种植新陆中系列棉花品种时，棉花产量降幅最小，水分利用效率增幅最大；在年平均气温>10℃、年蒸发散量>2000 mm、年降水量<60 mm且土壤为壤土、砂土的地区进行亏缺灌溉，对棉花产量的抑制作用最小，棉花水分利用效率增幅最大。随机森林结果表明，灌溉量和施氮量对棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响最大。在灌溉量不低于90%充分灌溉量的条件下，基于最优管理措施进行合理灌溉，有望实现棉花产量和水分利用效率的双赢。上述结果可为干旱地区膜下滴灌棉花亏缺灌溉和高效用水提供最佳策略。
