Research Group for Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute for Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Mar 12;24(1):773. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18299-y.
The Norwegian home care services experience a high level of sick leave, a large proportion of which is due to common mental disorders. A substantial number of such cases can be attributed to psychosocial factors at work, but more knowledge about occupation-specific risk factors is needed to develop targeted preventive measures to reduce sick leave levels. The aim of this study is to identify the most prominent psychosocial work factors influencing the risk of sick leave spells due to common mental disorders.
Employees from a random sample of 130 Norwegian home care services (N = 1.819) completed a baseline survey on 15 psychosocial work factors. Participants were subsequently followed up for 26 months using registry data on sick leave. The outcome measure was the number of medically certified sick leave spells due to common mental disorders during follow-up in the Norwegian social insurance database. Incidence risk ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using negative binomial regression with robust standard errors.
Emotional dissonance (IRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.05-1.60) and emotional demands (IRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.58) were associated with an excess risk of sick leave, while control over work pacing (IRR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98) was associated with a reduced risk. An estimated 30% (95% CI 8.73-48.82) of sick leave cases were attributable to emotional dissonance and 27% (95% CI 4.80-46.33) were attributable to emotional demands. Control over work pacing was estimated to have prevented 20% (95% CI 1.32-37.78) of the sick leave cases.
This study found that emotional dissonance and emotional demands were robust risk factors for sick leave due to common mental disorders, and that control of work pacing constituted a robust protective factor against sick leave.
挪威的家庭护理服务人员请病假的比例很高，其中很大一部分是由于常见的精神障碍。此类病例的很大一部分可以归因于工作中的心理社会因素，但为了制定有针对性的预防措施来降低病假水平，需要更多关于特定职业风险因素的知识。本研究旨在确定影响因常见精神障碍而请病假的风险的最突出的心理社会工作因素。
从挪威随机抽取的 130 家家庭护理服务机构（N=1819）的员工完成了一项关于 15 项心理社会工作因素的基线调查。随后，参与者在挪威社会保险数据库中通过病假登记数据进行了为期 26 个月的随访。因常见精神障碍而请病假的天数作为因变量。采用负二项回归模型计算发病风险比（IRR）及其 95%置信区间（CI）。
情绪不和谐（IRR 1.30，95%CI 1.05-1.60）和情绪需求（IRR 1.35，95%CI 1.14-1.58）与病假风险增加相关，而对工作节奏的控制（IRR 0.78，95%CI 0.62-0.98）与病假风险降低相关。情绪不和谐导致的病假估计占 30%（95%CI 8.73-48.82），情绪需求导致的病假估计占 27%（95%CI 4.80-46.33）。控制工作节奏被认为预防了 20%（95%CI 1.32-37.78）的病假。
本研究发现，情绪不和谐和情绪需求是常见精神障碍导致病假的强有力的风险因素，而控制工作节奏是预防病假的强有力的保护因素。
