Helgesson Magnus, Gustafsson Klas, Leineweber Constanze
Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Public Health, Working Life and Rehabilitation, Uppsala University, SE-75122, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Occup Rehabil. 2025 Jan 31. doi: 10.1007/s10926-025-10269-4.
The aim was to analyse the relationships between work environment characteristics and periods of sick leave (> 14 days) in individuals diagnosed with common mental disorders (CMDs) across 1993-2014. Additionally, the study describes changes in the work environment and sick leave trends over these two periods.
From the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (SWES) 1993-2013, participants with a diagnosis of a CMD up to five years before the interview were drawn (n = 3795). Risk ratios (RRs) of the annual average number of sick leave days one year after the interview in SWES (1993-2014) were calculated for various work environment characteristics, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Having flexible working hours (RR 0.65: 0.46-0.91) and having an active job (RR 0.60: 0.41-0.88), that is, high job demands and high job control, were associated with a significantly decreased risk for a spell of sick leave > 14 days after adjusting for interview year, age, sex, and educational level. There was a tendency that also some aspects of job control, i.e. influence over working hours (RR 0.79: 0.62-1.01) and influence over work pace (0.80: 0.62-1.03), were associated with a lower risk of having > 14 days of sick leave. There was a more substantial effect on these work environment factors in 2009-2013 than 1993-2007.
Enabling flexible working hours and influencing work pace and working hours can decrease the risk of sick leave among employees diagnosed with a CMD.
旨在分析1993 - 2014年间被诊断患有常见精神障碍（CMD）的个体的工作环境特征与病假时长（> 14天）之间的关系。此外，该研究还描述了这两个时期工作环境的变化以及病假趋势。
从1993 - 2013年瑞典工作环境调查（SWES）中，选取在访谈前五年内被诊断患有CMD的参与者（n = 3795）。针对各种工作环境特征，计算了SWES（1993 - 2014）中访谈一年后的年平均病假天数的风险比（RRs）以及95%置信区间（CIs）。
在对访谈年份、年龄、性别和教育水平进行调整后，拥有灵活的工作时间（RR 0.65: 0.46 - 0.91）以及从事积极型工作（RR 0.60: 0.41 - 0.88），即高工作要求和高工作控制，与病假时长> 14天的风险显著降低相关。工作控制的某些方面，即对工作时间的影响（RR 0.79: 0.62 - 1.01）和对工作节奏的影响（0.80: 0.62 - 1.03），也存在与病假时长> 14天风险较低相关的趋势。2009 - 2013年这些工作环境因素的影响比1993 - 2007年更为显著。
实行灵活的工作时间以及对工作节奏和工作时间施加影响，可以降低被诊断患有CMD的员工的病假风险。
