Herrera Eduardo, Osorio-Fuentealba Cesar
Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Aplicadas al Movimiento y la Cognición Humana, Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.
Núcleo de Bienestar y Desarrollo Humano (NUBIDEH), Centro de Investigación en Educación (CIE-UMCE), Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Feb 27;6:1360414. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1360414. eCollection 2024.
In athletics, achieving peak performance during competitions is crucial. Warm-up strategies play a crucial role in optimizing the strength-speed performance of sprinters in athletics, especially tailored to the physiological demands of speed events. The need to balance flexibility, prevent injuries, and enhance power output makes the selection of an effective warm-up protocol essential. This narrative review examines different warm-up methods used by athletes and their effects on strength-speed in sprinters in athletics. The main findings indicate that Foam Rolling (FR), Isometric Exercises and Pre-Competitive Massages have no significant effects on sprint performance. Static stretching and prolonged Pre-Competitive Massages have negative impacts on strength and power. The Vibration Platform enhances step length, step rate and running velocity, jump height and total number of jumps performed in a 30-s period in non-experienced sprinters. Eccentric Exercise increases vertical force, Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) demonstrates a reduction in 100-meter time and short-term improvement in vertical and horizontal jumps. Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) significantly improving jump height and flight time. Various warm-up methods have been identified, some focusing on flexibility, others potentially detrimental, and some enhancing strength and power. Implementing effective warm-ups, particularly those promoting strength and power, poses a challenge for coaches seeking reliable alternatives to boost performance.
在田径运动中,在比赛期间达到最佳表现至关重要。热身策略在优化田径短跑运动员的力量-速度表现方面起着关键作用,特别是针对速度项目的生理需求进行定制。平衡柔韧性、预防受伤以及提高力量输出的需求使得选择有效的热身方案至关重要。这篇叙述性综述探讨了运动员使用的不同热身方法及其对田径短跑运动员力量-速度的影响。主要研究结果表明,泡沫轴放松(FR)、等长练习和赛前按摩对短跑成绩没有显著影响。静态拉伸和长时间的赛前按摩对力量和功率有负面影响。振动平台可增加非经验丰富短跑运动员的步长、步频和跑步速度、跳跃高度以及30秒内的跳跃总数。离心运动可增加垂直力,激活后增强效应(PAP)表现为100米跑时间缩短以及垂直和水平跳跃的短期改善。血流限制(BFR)可显著提高跳跃高度和腾空时间。已确定了各种热身方法,一些侧重于柔韧性,一些可能有害,还有一些可增强力量和功率。对于寻求可靠替代方案以提高成绩的教练来说,实施有效的热身,尤其是那些促进力量和功率的热身,是一项挑战。