Young W B, Behm D G
School of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Mar;43(1):21-7.
The interaction between running, stretching and practice jumps during warm-up for jumping tests has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of running, static stretching of the leg extensors and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance.
Sixteen volunteers (13 male and 3 female) participated in five different warm-ups in a randomised order prior to the performance of two jumping tests. The warm-ups were control, 4 min run, static stretch, run + stretch, and run + stretch + practice jumps. After a 2 min rest, a concentric jump and a drop jump were performed, which yielded 6 variables expressing fast force production and jumping performance of the leg extensor muscles (concentric jump height, peak force, rate of force developed, drop jump height, contact time and height/time).
Generally the stretching warm-up produced the lowest values and the run or run + stretch + jumps warm-ups produced the highest values of explosive force production. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the control and run + stretch warm-ups, whereas the run yielded significantly better scores than the run + stretch warm-up for drop jump height (3.2%), concentric jump height (3.4%) and peak concentric force (2.7%) and rate of force developed (15.4%).
The results indicated that submaximum running and practice jumps had a positive effect whereas static stretching had a negative influence on explosive force and jumping performance. It was suggested that an alternative for static stretching should be considered in warm-ups prior to power activities.
尚未对跳跃测试热身期间跑步、拉伸和练习跳跃之间的相互作用进行研究。本研究的目的是比较跑步、腿部伸肌的静态拉伸以及练习跳跃对爆发力产生和跳跃表现的影响。
16名志愿者（13名男性和3名女性）在进行两项跳跃测试之前，以随机顺序参与了五种不同的热身活动。热身活动分别为对照组、4分钟跑步、静态拉伸、跑步+拉伸以及跑步+拉伸+练习跳跃。休息2分钟后，进行了一次向心跳跃和一次下落跳跃，得出6个变量，用以表达腿部伸肌的快速力量产生和跳跃表现（向心跳跃高度、峰值力量、力量发展速率、下落跳跃高度、接触时间以及高度/时间）。
一般来说，拉伸热身产生的数值最低，而跑步或跑步+拉伸+跳跃热身产生的爆发力数值最高。对照组和跑步+拉伸热身之间没有显著差异（p<0.05），而在下落跳跃高度（3.2%）、向心跳跃高度（3.4%）、向心峰值力量（2.7%）以及力量发展速率（15.4%）方面，跑步的得分显著高于跑步+拉伸热身。
结果表明，次最大强度跑步和练习跳跃有积极作用，而静态拉伸对爆发力和跳跃表现有负面影响。建议在力量活动前的热身中考虑采用替代静态拉伸的方法。
