Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkiye.
Department of Coaching Education / Sport-Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkiye.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 13;19(3):e0296948. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296948. eCollection 2024.
The somatosensory system is a complect sensory system that differentiates individual athletes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of visual acuity level on throwing technique, proprioceptive sense of the shoulder joint, light touch and two-point discrimination sense of the upper extremity, and sensory function (postural control and reaction time) in visually impaired goalball players. Goalball players who have different visual acuities B1(unable to perceive light or recognize its shape); B2 (has a visual field of less than 5 degrees and can recognize shapes); B3 (visual field greater than 5 degrees and less than 20 degrees) participated in the study. The sensorial system was evaluated with proprioceptive sense of the shoulder joint and sensory tests (light touch and two-point discrimination sense of the dominant hand.). Sensory function (postural control and reaction time) was evaluated with the flamingo balance test, functional reach test, and pro-agility test. The goalball players' throwing technique was questioned. Seventeen male players, those aged 20-30 (20.8±3.9 years) who have been professionally engaged in goalball for at least three years (58.7-37.8 months) participated. Shoulder internal rotation joint position sense and the flamingo balance test were found to be different in the group with B1 visual acuity than in the group with B3 visual acuity (p = 0.042* and 0.028 respectively). There was no difference between groups with B1-B2 visual acuity (p = 0.394 and p = 0.065) and between groups with B2-B3 visual acuity (p = 0.792 and p = 0.931). There was no difference in the groups in terms of sensory tests and reaction time (p> 0.05). In goalball, joint position sense is related to throwing techniques. Although there is a general acceptance that other sensory systems should work harder to compensate for the sense of vision, fear of falling, athlete's branch year, sports year, muscle strength, and general physical condition of the athlete may affect the measurements made, especially in the dynamic position.
感觉系统是一个复杂的感觉系统，可以区分个体运动员。本研究旨在探讨视力水平对投掷技术、肩关节本体感觉、上肢轻触和两点辨别觉以及感觉功能（姿势控制和反应时间）的影响。视力不同的盲人门球运动员（B1：无法感知光或识别其形状；B2：视野小于 5 度，能识别形状；B3：视野大于 5 度，小于 20 度）参加了这项研究。使用肩关节本体感觉和感觉测试（优势手的轻触和两点辨别觉）评估感觉系统。使用弗拉明戈平衡测试、功能性伸展测试和前敏捷测试评估感觉功能（姿势控制和反应时间）。询问了盲人门球运动员的投掷技术。17 名年龄在 20-30 岁（20.8±3.9 岁）的男性运动员，他们从事盲人门球运动至少 3 年（58.7-37.8 个月）。B1 视力组的肩关节内旋关节位置觉和弗拉明戈平衡测试结果与 B3 视力组不同（p=0.042*和 0.028）。B1-B2 视力组之间（p=0.394 和 p=0.065）和 B2-B3 视力组之间（p=0.792 和 p=0.931）没有差异。在感觉测试和反应时间方面，各组之间没有差异（p>0.05）。在盲人门球运动中，关节位置觉与投掷技术有关。尽管人们普遍认为其他感觉系统应该更加努力地工作来补偿视觉，但对运动员跌倒的恐惧、运动员的分支年份、运动年份、肌肉力量和运动员的一般身体状况可能会影响测量结果，尤其是在动态位置。
