CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China.
Environ Res. 2024 Jun 15;251(Pt 2):118645. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118645. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
Every year, a significant amount of antimony (Sb) enters the environment from natural and anthropogenic sources like mining, smelting, industrial operations, ore processing, vehicle emissions, shooting activities, and coal power plants. Humans, plants, animals, and aquatic life are heavily exposed to hazardous Sb or antimonide by either direct consumption or indirect exposure to Sb in the environment. This review summarizes the current knowledge about Sb global occurrence, its fate, distribution, speciation, associated health hazards, and advanced biochar composites studies used for the remediation of soil contaminated with Sb to lessen Sb bioavailability and toxicity in soil. Anionic metal(loid) like Sb in the soil is significantly immobilized by pristine biochar and its composites, reducing their bioavailability. However, a comprehensive review of the impacts of biochar-based composites on soil Sb remediation is needed. Therefore, the current review focuses on (1) the fundamental aspects of Sb global occurrence, global soil Sb contamination, its transformation in soil, and associated health hazards, (2) the role of different biochar-based composites in the immobilization of Sb from soil to increase biochar applicability toward Sb decontamination. The review aids in developing advanced, efficient, and effective engineered biochar composites for Sb remediation by evaluating novel materials and techniques and through sustainable management of Sb-contaminated soil, ultimately reducing its environmental and health risks.
每年，大量的锑 (Sb) 都会从自然和人为来源进入环境，如采矿、冶炼、工业作业、矿石加工、车辆排放、射击活动和火力发电厂。人类、植物、动物和水生生物通过直接食用或间接暴露于环境中的 Sb 而大量接触到有害的 Sb 或锑化物。本综述总结了当前关于 Sb 全球分布、归宿、分布、形态、相关健康危害以及用于修复 Sb 污染土壤的先进生物炭复合材料研究的知识，以降低 Sb 在土壤中的生物有效性和毒性。土壤中像 Sb 这样的阴离子金属（类）通过原始生物炭及其复合材料显著固定，降低了它们的生物有效性。然而，需要对基于生物炭的复合材料对土壤 Sb 修复的影响进行全面的综述。因此，本综述侧重于：(1) Sb 全球分布、全球土壤 Sb 污染、土壤中 Sb 的转化及其相关健康危害的基本方面；(2) 不同生物炭基复合材料在 Sb 固定中的作用，以提高生物炭在 Sb 脱除方面的适用性。通过评估新型材料和技术以及通过可持续管理 Sb 污染土壤，该综述有助于开发先进、高效和有效的工程生物炭复合材料来修复 Sb，从而降低其环境和健康风险。
