Zheng Shuting, Mansolf Maxwell, McGrath Monica, Churchill Marie L, Bekelman Traci A, Brennan Patricia A, Margolis Amy E, Nozadi Sara S, Bastain Theresa M, Elliott Amy J, LeWinn Kaja Z, Hofheimer Julie A, Leve Leslie D, Rennie Brandon, Zimmerman Emily, Marable Carmen A, McEvoy Cindy T, Liu Chang, Sullivan Alexis, Woodruff Tracey J, Ghosh Samiran, Leventhal Bennett, Ferrara Assiamira, Lewis Johnnye, Bishop Somer
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of California San Francisco CA USA.
Department of Medical Social Sciences Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL USA.
JCPP Adv. 2023 Sep 20;4(1):e12198. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12198. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Research and clinical practice rely heavily on caregiver-report measures, such as the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL/1.5-5), to gather information about early childhood behavior problems and to screen for child psychopathology. While studies have shown that demographic variables influence caregiver ratings of behavior problems, the extent to which the CBCL/1.5-5 functions equivalently at the item level across diverse samples is unknown.
Item-level data of CBCL/1.5-5 from a large sample of young children ( = 9087) were drawn from 26 cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program. Factor analyses and the alignment method were applied to examine measurement invariance (MI) and differential item functioning (DIF) across child (age, sex, bilingual status, and neurodevelopmental disorders), and caregiver (sex, education level, household income level, depression, and language version administered) characteristics. Child race was examined in sensitivity analyses.
Items with the most impactful DIF across child and caregiver groupings were identified for Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems. The robust item sets, excluding the high DIF items, showed good reliability and high correlation with the original Internalizing and Total Problems scales, with lower reliability for Externalizing. Language version of CBCL administration, education level and sex of the caregiver respondent showed the most significant impact on MI, followed by child age. Sensitivity analyses revealed that child race has a unique impact on DIF over and above socioeconomic status.
The CBCL/1.5-5, a caregiver-report measure of early childhood behavior problems, showed bias across demographic groups. Robust item sets with less DIF can measure Internalizing and Total Problems equally as well as the full item sets, with slightly lower reliability for Externalizing, and can be crosswalked to the metric of the full item set, enabling calculation of normed T scores based on more robust item sets.
研究和临床实践严重依赖照料者报告量表，如儿童行为清单1.5 - 5岁版（CBCL/1.5 - 5），来收集有关幼儿行为问题的信息并筛查儿童精神病理学问题。虽然研究表明人口统计学变量会影响照料者对行为问题的评分，但CBCL/1.5 - 5在不同样本的项目层面上是否具有同等功能尚不清楚。
从环境对儿童健康结果项目的26个队列中抽取了一大群幼儿（n = 9087）的CBCL/1.5 - 5项目层面数据。应用因子分析和比对方法来检验跨儿童（年龄、性别、双语状态和神经发育障碍）以及照料者（性别、教育水平、家庭收入水平、抑郁状况和所使用的语言版本）特征的测量不变性（MI）和项目功能差异（DIF）。在敏感性分析中考察了儿童种族。
确定了在内化、外化和总问题方面跨儿童和照料者分组具有最显著DIF的项目。排除高DIF项目后的稳健项目集显示出良好的信度，并且与原始内化和总问题量表具有高度相关性，外化量表的信度较低。CBCL施测的语言版本、照料者应答者的教育水平和性别对MI的影响最为显著，其次是儿童年龄。敏感性分析表明，儿童种族对DIF的影响独立于社会经济地位。
CBCL/1.5 - 5作为一种照料者报告的幼儿行为问题测量工具，在不同人口群体中显示出偏差。具有较少DIF的稳健项目集在测量内化和总问题方面与完整项目集同样有效，外化量表的信度略低，并且可以与完整项目集的度量进行交叉对照，从而能够基于更稳健的项目集计算标准化T分数。
