Bridgeland-Stephens Lelia, Thorpe Susannah Ks, Chappell Jackie
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Anim Welf. 2023 Dec 4;32:e77. doi: 10.1017/awf.2023.97. eCollection 2023.
Wild orangutans ( spp.) rescued from human-wildlife conflict must be adequately rehabilitated before being returned to the wild. It is essential that released orangutans are able to cope with stressful challenges such as food scarcity, navigating unfamiliar environments, and regaining independence from human support. Although practical skills are taught to orangutans in rehabilitation centres, post-release survival rates are low. Psychological resilience, or the ability to 'bounce back' from stress, may be a key missing piece of the puzzle. However, there is very little knowledge about species-appropriate interventions which could help captive orangutans increase resilience to stress. This scoping review summarises and critically analyses existing human and non-human animal resilience literature and provides suggestions for the development of interventions for orangutans in rehabilitation. Three scientific databases were searched in 2021 and 2023, resulting in 63 human studies and 266 non-human animal studies. The first section brings together human resilience interventions, identifying common themes and assessing the applicability of human interventions to orangutans in rehabilitation. The second section groups animal interventions into categories of direct stress, separation stress, environmental conditions, social stress, and exercise. In each category, interventions are critically analysed to evaluate their potential for orangutans in rehabilitation. The results show that mild and manageable forms of intervention have the greatest potential benefit with the least amount of risk. The study concludes by emphasising the need for further investigation and experimentation, to develop appropriate interventions and measure their effect on the post-release survival rate of orangutans.
从人兽冲突中拯救出来的野生猩猩（物种）在放归野外之前必须得到充分的康复。至关重要的是，放归的猩猩要能够应对诸如食物短缺、在陌生环境中导航以及从人类支持中重新获得独立等压力挑战。虽然在康复中心会向猩猩传授实用技能，但放归后的存活率很低。心理恢复力，即从压力中“恢复过来”的能力，可能是关键的缺失环节。然而，对于有助于圈养猩猩提高压力恢复力的适合物种的干预措施，人们知之甚少。本范围综述总结并批判性地分析了现有的人类和非人类动物恢复力文献，并为制定针对康复中的猩猩的干预措施提供了建议。在2021年和2023年检索了三个科学数据库，得到63项人类研究和266项非人类动物研究。第一部分汇总了人类恢复力干预措施，确定了共同主题，并评估了人类干预措施对康复中的猩猩的适用性。第二部分将动物干预措施分为直接压力、分离压力、环境条件、社会压力和运动等类别。在每个类别中，对干预措施进行批判性分析，以评估其对康复中的猩猩的潜力。结果表明，温和且可控的干预形式具有最大的潜在益处，风险最小。该研究最后强调需要进一步调查和试验，以制定适当的干预措施并衡量其对猩猩放归后存活率的影响。
