Kim Bin-Na, Kang Hyo Shin, Park Jungkyu
Department of Psychology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 29;15:1364903. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1364903. eCollection 2024.
Adversity may bring about both negative and positive changes in psychological adaptation. Although there is mounting evidence regarding the psychological distress during the pandemic, the other side of posttraumatic change, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its predictors are relatively underexamined. Moreover, there is a paucity of longitudinal investigations that examined intra- and interpersonal predictors responsible for both sides of psychological adaptation. Therefore, this study comprehensively examined the longitudinal relationship among cognitive processing, social support, and adaptation during the pandemic using a moderated mediation model. Specifically, it was tested whether two types of event-related rumination mediated the link between perceived stress and ambilateral adaptational outcomes, and whether social support moderated the mediating pathways of ruminations on adaptation. After informed consent, a representative sample of adults was followed up for over a year, and answered a package of online questionnaires. The results showed that intrusive rumination prospectively predicted greater psychological distress and less PTG in response to stress, whereas deliberate rumination led to less psychological distress and more PTG over time. As predicted, the indirect protective effect of deliberate rumination was stronger when perceived social support was higher. This longitudinal study highlighted the core factors responsible for continued suffering and personal growth during the pandemic. These results have both practical and clinical implications for mental healthcare in the post-COVID era, when the heterogeneity of psychological adaptation increases and preparation for the next pandemic is warranted.
逆境可能会给心理适应带来消极和积极的变化。尽管有越来越多的证据表明在疫情期间存在心理困扰，但创伤后变化的另一面，即创伤后成长（PTG）及其预测因素相对较少受到研究。此外，缺乏纵向研究来考察负责心理适应两面性的个体内和人际预测因素。因此，本研究使用调节中介模型全面考察了疫情期间认知加工、社会支持和适应之间的纵向关系。具体而言，检验了两种类型的与事件相关的反刍思维是否介导了感知压力与双侧适应结果之间的联系，以及社会支持是否调节了反刍思维对适应的中介途径。在获得知情同意后，对一个具有代表性的成年人样本进行了一年多的随访，并让他们回答了一系列在线问卷。结果表明，侵入性反刍思维前瞻性地预测了对应激的更大心理困扰和更少的创伤后成长，而随着时间的推移，深思熟虑的反刍思维导致更少的心理困扰和更多的创伤后成长。正如预测的那样，当感知到的社会支持较高时，深思熟虑的反刍思维的间接保护作用更强。这项纵向研究突出了疫情期间导致持续痛苦和个人成长的核心因素。这些结果对新冠后时代的心理保健具有实际和临床意义，此时心理适应的异质性增加，为下一次疫情做好准备是必要的。
