Ikizer Gözde, Karanci Ayse Nuray, Gul Ervin, Dilekler Ilknur
Department of Psychology, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Cankaya Ankara, Turkey.
Department of Psychotherapy, Fachklinik St. Vitus GmbH, Visbek, Germany.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021 Feb 18;12(1):1872966. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1872966.
: A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. : The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS), growth (PTG), and depreciation (PTD) during the pandemic, and explored factors associated with these mental health outcomes in an adult community sample from Turkey. : A total of 685 participants responded to an online survey that gathered data on sociodemographic characteristics, financial loss during the pandemic, time spent at home and frequency of social media use, perception of COVID-related risks, stress, and event-related rumination. Data analysis included correlation and regression analyses. : Results showed that PTS, PTG, and PTD were positively correlated with each other. Younger age and being single were associated with higher PTS and PTD, and lower education levels predicted all three outcomes. Experiencing financial loss during the pandemic, more frequent social media use to follow COVID-related news and posts, and longer time spent at home during the pandemic were associated with higher PTS. Anticipating financial risks during the pandemic were associated with all outcomes while anticipating health-related risks due to COVID-19 and perceived stress levels predicted PTS and PTD but not PTG. Both intrusive and deliberate rumination were associated with higher levels of PTS and PTD, and PTG was predicted solely by deliberate rumination. Moreover, provisional PTSD was indicated in 47.9% of the participants. Membership to the provisional PTSD group was predicted by age, level of education, time spent on social media, anticipating COVID-19-related health risks, perceived stress, and event-related rumination. : The current study provides empirical evidence for the short-term post-traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors, which can help to guide mental health services during the pandemic.
新冠疫情作为一种全球健康威胁，凸显了关注其对心理健康影响的必要性。然而，关于包括疫情创伤后后果在内的心理健康影响的文献却很匮乏。本研究调查了疫情期间的创伤后应激（PTS）、成长（PTG）和衰退（PTD）情况，并在一个来自土耳其的成年社区样本中探究了与这些心理健康结果相关的因素。共有685名参与者回应了一项在线调查，该调查收集了有关社会人口学特征、疫情期间的经济损失、在家时间和社交媒体使用频率、对新冠相关风险的认知、压力以及与事件相关的反刍思维等数据。数据分析包括相关性分析和回归分析。结果显示，PTS、PTG和PTD之间呈正相关。较年轻的年龄和单身与较高的PTS和PTD相关，较低的教育水平预示着所有这三种结果。疫情期间经历经济损失、更频繁地使用社交媒体关注新冠相关新闻和帖子以及疫情期间在家时间更长与较高的PTS相关。疫情期间预期的经济风险与所有结果相关，而预期因新冠疫情导致的健康相关风险以及感知到的压力水平预示着PTS和PTD，但不预示PTG。侵入性反刍思维和刻意反刍思维均与较高水平的PTS和PTD相关，而PTG仅由刻意反刍思维预示。此外，47.9%的参与者被表明存在临时性创伤后应激障碍。临时性创伤后应激障碍组的成员身份可由年龄、教育水平、在社交媒体上花费的时间、预期与新冠疫情相关的健康风险、感知到的压力以及与事件相关的反刍思维来预测。本研究为新冠疫情的短期创伤后影响及相关因素提供了实证依据，这有助于在疫情期间指导心理健康服务。
