Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Pediatr Rehabil Med. 2024;17(1):47-56. doi: 10.3233/PRM-230009.
This study aimed to describe opioid prescription patterns for children with vs. without cerebral palsy (CP).
This cohort study used commercial claims from 01/01/2015-12/31/2016 and included children aged 2-18 years old with and without CP. Opioid prescription patterns (proportion exposed, number of days supplied) were described. A zero-inflated generalized linear model compared the proportion exposed to opioids in the follow-up year (2016) and, among those exposed, the number of days supplied opioids between cohorts before and after adjusting for age, gender, race, U.S. region of residence, and the number of co-occurring neurological/neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs).
A higher proportion of children with (n = 1,966) vs. without (n = 1,219,399) CP were exposed to opioids (12.1% vs. 5.3%), even among the youngest age group (2-4 years: 9.6% vs. 1.8%), and had a greater number of days supplied (median [interquartile range], 8 [5-13] vs. 6 [4-9] days; P < 0.05). Comparing children with opioid exposure with vs. without CP, a greater number of days supplied was identified for older age, Asian race/ethnicity, and without co-occurring NDDs, and a lower number of days supplied was observed for Black race/ethnicity and with ≥1 co-occurring NDDs.
Children with CP are more likely to be exposed to opioids and have a higher number of days supplied.
本研究旨在描述脑瘫（CP）患儿与非脑瘫患儿的阿片类药物处方模式。
本队列研究使用了 2015 年 1 月 1 日至 2016 年 12 月 31 日的商业索赔数据，纳入了年龄在 2-18 岁的有和无 CP 的儿童。描述了阿片类药物处方模式（暴露比例、供应天数）。零膨胀广义线性模型比较了随访年（2016 年）中暴露于阿片类药物的比例，以及在调整年龄、性别、种族、居住的美国地区以及共患的神经/神经发育障碍（NDD）数量后，两组中暴露于阿片类药物的患者的供应天数。
与无 CP（n=1,219,399）的儿童相比，有 CP（n=1,966）的儿童暴露于阿片类药物的比例更高（12.1%比 5.3%），即使在年龄最小的组（2-4 岁：9.6%比 1.8%），且供应天数更多（中位数[四分位间距]，8[5-13]比 6[4-9]天；P<0.05）。与无 CP 的儿童相比，有阿片类药物暴露的儿童年龄较大、亚洲种族/民族、无共患 NDD 时，供应天数更多，而黑人种族/民族、有≥1 共患 NDD 时，供应天数较少。
CP 患儿更有可能暴露于阿片类药物，且供应天数更多。
