日本小学生过度使用屏幕时间与学校内无家庭规则比例之间的关联：一项多层次分析。

Association between excessive screen time and school-level proportion of no family rules among elementary school children in Japan: a multilevel analysis.

机构信息

Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, School of Medicine, University of Toyama.

出版信息

Environ Health Prev Med. 2024;29:16. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.23-00268.

DOI:10.1265/ehpm.23-00268

PMID:38494706

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10957336/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Excessive screen time (ST) in children is a global concern. We assessed the association between individual- and school-level factors and excessive ST in Japanese children using a multilevel analysis.

METHODS

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toyama, Japan in 2018. From 110 elementary schools in Toyama Prefecture, 13,413 children in the 4th-6th grades (boys, 50.9%; mean, 10.5 years old) participated. We assessed lifestyle, recreational ST (not for study use), psychological status, and school and family environment including family rules. We defined ≥3 hours ST as excessive. We calculated the school-level proportions of no family rules and divided them into four categories (<20%, 20% to <30%, 30% to <40%, and ≥40%). A modified multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed.

RESULTS

In total, 12,611 children were included in the analysis (94.0%). The average school-level proportion of those with no family rules was 32.1% (SD = 9.6). The prevalence of excessive ST was 29.9% (34.9% in boys; 24.8% in girls). The regression analysis showed that excessive ST was significantly associated with both individual-level factors, such as boys (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR); 1.39), older grades (aPR; 1.18 for 5th grades and 1.28 for 6th grades), late wakeup (aPR; 1.13), physical inactivity (aPR; 1.18 for not so much and 1.31 for rarely), late bedtime (aPR; 1.43 for 10 to 11 p.m. and 1.76 for ≥11 p.m.), frequent irritability (aPR; 1.24 for sometimes and 1.46 for often), feelings of school avoidance (aPR; 1.17 for sometimes and 1.22 for often), infrequent child-parental interaction (aPR; 1.16 for rare and 1.21 for none), no family rules (aPR; 1.56), smartphone ownership (aPR; 1.18), and the school-level proportion of no family rules (aPR; 1.20 for 20% to <30%, 1.29 for 30% to <40%, and 1.43 for ≥40%, setting <20% as reference).

CONCLUSION

Besides individual factors, a higher school-level proportion of no family rules seemed influential on excessive ST. Increasing the number of households with family rules and addressing individual factors, could be deterrents against excessive ST in children.

摘要

背景

儿童过度使用电子屏幕（ST）是一个全球性问题。我们使用多水平分析评估了个体和学校层面的因素与日本儿童过度 ST 之间的关系。

方法

这是一项在日本富山县进行的基于学校的横断面研究。在富山县的 110 所小学中，有 13413 名 4 至 6 年级的儿童（男生占 50.9%；平均年龄为 10.5 岁）参与了此次研究。我们评估了生活方式、娱乐性 ST（非学习用途）、心理状况以及包括家庭规则在内的学校和家庭环境。我们将≥3 小时 ST 定义为过度。我们计算了无家庭规则的学校层面比例，并将其分为四个类别（<20%、20%至<30%、30%至<40%和≥40%）。采用修正的多水平泊松回归分析。

结果

共有 12611 名儿童纳入分析（94.0%）。平均学校层面无家庭规则的比例为 32.1%（SD=9.6）。过度 ST 的患病率为 29.9%（男生为 34.9%；女生为 24.8%）。回归分析显示，过度 ST 与个体层面因素显著相关，例如男生（调整后患病率比（aPR）；1.39）、较高年级（aPR；5 年级为 1.18，6 年级为 1.28）、晚起床（aPR；1.13）、身体活动不足（aPR；不常运动为 1.18，很少运动为 1.31）、晚睡（aPR；10 至 11 点为 1.43，11 点以后为 1.76）、经常烦躁（aPR；有时为 1.24，经常为 1.46）、逃避上学的感觉（aPR；有时为 1.17，经常为 1.22）、亲子互动频率低（aPR；很少为 1.16，没有为 1.21）、无家庭规则（aPR；1.56）、拥有智能手机（aPR；1.18）以及学校层面无家庭规则的比例（20%至<30%为 1.20，30%至<40%为 1.29，≥40%为 1.43，以<20%为参照）。