Vijewardane Samantha Chandrika, Balasuriya Aindralal, Johnstone Alexandra M, Myint Phyo Kyaw
Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, UK and Nutrition Division, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka.
Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Sri Lanka.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 6;10(5):e27064. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27064. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
To assess the impact of age on the prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety, associated lifestyle factors, and body composition profile (low body muscle mass and high-fat mass) in older Sri Lankans.
In this population-based cross-sectional study, older people of 60 years or above were selected using a multistage cluster sampling technique probability proportionate to the size. They were classified into 3 groups; 60-64, 65-69 and > 70-years. The poor-quality dietary variety was defined based on food variety, dietary diversity and dietary serving scores assessed using 24-h dietary recall. Body composition was measured using bio-electrical impedance. The impact of age on determinants of poor-quality dietary variety and being at risk of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were assessed by using multivariable logistic regression models.
Eight hundred older participants with a mean (SD) 68.1(5.8) years were included. There were 28.4%(n = 227), 36.2%(n = 290) and 35.4%(n = 283) in the 60-64, 65-69 and ≥ 70-year age groups, respectively. The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similar across age groups. The urban living environment, and getting nutritional advice from the GP/hospital were found to have a significant negative association only in the 60-64 age group. A poor-quality dietary variety was significantly associated with no education or up to the primary level in the 65-69 age group and having diabetes or hypertension in the ≥70-year group. Odds of low muscle mass and high-fat mass were 2.43(1.46-4.03) and 2.17(1.30-3.63) respectively among the≥70-year age group compared to the 60-64-year group, after controlling for confounders.
The prevalence of poor-quality dietary variety was similarly high in all age groups. Increasing age was associated with higher odds of low body muscle and high body fat mass despite similar dietary variety, indicating the need for special dietary attention.
评估年龄对斯里兰卡老年人饮食质量差的患病率、相关生活方式因素以及身体成分特征（低肌肉量和高脂肪量）的影响。
在这项基于人群的横断面研究中，采用与规模成比例的多阶段整群抽样技术选取60岁及以上的老年人。他们被分为3组：60 - 64岁、65 - 69岁和70岁以上。根据使用24小时饮食回顾评估的食物种类、饮食多样性和饮食份数得分来定义饮食质量差。使用生物电阻抗测量身体成分。通过多变量逻辑回归模型评估年龄对饮食质量差的决定因素以及低肌肉量和高脂肪量风险的影响。
纳入了800名平均（标准差）年龄为68.1（5.8）岁的老年参与者。60 - 64岁、65 - 69岁和≥70岁年龄组的比例分别为28.4%（n = 227）、36.2%（n = 290）和35.4%（n = 283）。各年龄组饮食质量差的患病率相似。仅在60 - 64岁年龄组中，城市生活环境以及从全科医生/医院获得营养建议与饮食质量差存在显著负相关。在65 - 69岁年龄组中，饮食质量差与未接受教育或小学及以下教育显著相关，在≥70岁年龄组中与患有糖尿病或高血压显著相关。在控制混杂因素后，与60 - 64岁年龄组相比，≥70岁年龄组低肌肉量和高脂肪量的比值分别为2.43（1.46 - 4.03）和2.17（1.30 - 3.63）。
所有年龄组中饮食质量差的患病率都同样高。尽管饮食种类相似，但年龄增长与低身体肌肉量和高身体脂肪量的较高几率相关，这表明需要特别关注饮食。
