Shafii M, Shafii S L
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1979 Oct;36(11):1242-5. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780110096012.
Twelve hundred years ago, Jasaliq, a Persian physician, treated a patient who was suffering from psoriasis. Although psoriasis was not clearly differentiated from leprosy in the West until the 1840s, it was clinically described and differentiated as a separate entity in Persia in the eighth century AD. In this case history reported in one of the oldest Persian texts, Chahar Maqala, written in 1155 AD, the physician formulated a dynamic relationship between the outbreak of psoriasis in his patient and the existence of severe interpersonal conflicts. In treating his patient, he skillfully used therapeutic modalities that are now prevalent in exploratory and psychodynamic psychotherapy. The techniques of developing a therapeutic alliance, therapeutic confrontation, clarification, dynamic interpretation, and exploration of intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts are in accord with our present concepts of exploratory and dynamic psychotherapy.
一千二百年前，波斯医生贾萨利克治疗了一位患有牛皮癣的患者。尽管直到19世纪40年代西方才将牛皮癣与麻风病明确区分开来，但在公元8世纪的波斯，它就已在临床上被描述并作为一种独立的病症区分出来。在公元1155年撰写的最古老的波斯文本之一《查哈尔·马卡莱》中记载的这个病例里，这位医生阐述了他的患者牛皮癣发作与严重人际冲突之间的动态关系。在治疗患者时，他巧妙地运用了如今在探索性和心理动力学心理治疗中普遍使用的治疗方法。建立治疗联盟、治疗对峙、澄清、动态解释以及探索内心和人际冲突的技巧与我们目前对探索性和动态心理治疗的概念相符。
