Alie Melsew Setegn, Abebe Gossa Fetene, Negesse Yilkal, Gichew Simegnew
Department of Public health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Mar 9;10(6):e27901. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27901. eCollection 2024 Mar 30.
In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) identified coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as one of the top 10 threats to global health. Currently, vaccine hesitancy is the most common obstacle to reducing COVID-19 incidence and achieving herd immunity worldwide. Understanding the factors influencing vaccine hesitancy in this specific population is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve vaccine uptake and protect vulnerable communities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who receive care at public health facilities in Bench Sheko Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.
A multi-center study was employed, involving multiple healthcare facilities within the Bench Sheko Zone from January 1 to 30 February 2023 to assess the prevalence and determinants of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination among people living with human deficiency virus (PLHIV). Data were collected by using pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaires and document review, and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 then exported to and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Statistical significance was assessed by using multivariable logistic regression analysis by determining odds ratios and 95% confidence interval. Multi-Collinearity and model fitness were also checked.
According to the study, the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was found to be 47.9%, [95% CI, 43.8-52.0]. One significant finding was that younger individuals (age ≤25years) [AOR = 2.30, 95%CI, 1.15-4.57] exhibited a higher level of hesitancy compared to their older counterparts. Additionally, the study identified monthly income≤3000 birr [AOR = 0.57, 95%CI, 0.31-0.92], urban residence [AOR = 0.61, 95%CI, 0.42-0.91], HIV stage one [AOR = 0.44, 95%CI, 0.27-0.73] and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical stage two of HIV [AOR = 0.60, 95CI, 0.39-0.93] as determinants of vaccine hesitancy.
According to our study finding in southwest Ethiopia, individuals living with HIV were found to have a higher level of hesitancy towards receiving the COVID-19 vaccine as compared with center for disease control and prevention estimate of vaccine hesitancy. The study also identified several factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy, including age, urban of residence, income level, and HIV clinical stage. Addressing the identified factors in this specific population could decrease the hesitancy. To ensure the success of vaccination campaigns in the region, policymakers and stakeholders should take steps to address these underlying factors and promote greater acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among the population.
2019年，世界卫生组织（WHO）将2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）确定为全球健康面临的十大威胁之一。目前，疫苗犹豫是降低COVID-19发病率和在全球实现群体免疫的最常见障碍。了解影响这一特定人群疫苗犹豫的因素对于制定有针对性的干预措施以提高疫苗接种率和保护弱势群体至关重要。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部本奇谢科地区在公共卫生机构接受治疗的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者中COVID-19疫苗犹豫的患病率及其决定因素。
采用多中心研究，于2023年1月1日至2月28日在本奇谢科地区的多个医疗保健机构开展，以评估人类免疫缺陷病毒（PLHIV）感染者对COVID-19疫苗接种犹豫的患病率及其决定因素。通过使用预先测试的访谈员管理问卷和文件审查收集数据，并录入Epi-data 3.1版本，然后导出到SPSS 24版本进行分析。通过确定比值比和95%置信区间，采用多变量逻辑回归分析评估统计学意义。还检查了多重共线性和模型拟合度。
根据该研究，发现COVID-19疫苗犹豫的患病率为47.9%，[95%置信区间，43.8 - 52.0]。一个显著发现是，与年龄较大的个体相比，年龄较小的个体（年龄≤25岁）[调整后比值比（AOR）= 2.30，95%置信区间，1.15 - 4.57]表现出更高的犹豫程度。此外，该研究确定月收入≤3000比尔[ AOR = 0.57，95%置信区间，0.31 - 0.92]、城市居住[ AOR = 0.61，95%置信区间，0.42 - 0.91]、HIV一期[ AOR = 0.44，95%置信区间, 0.27 - 0.73]以及HIV临床二期[ AOR = 0.60，95%置信区间，, 0.39 - 0.93]是疫苗犹豫的决定因素。
根据我们在埃塞俄比亚西南部的研究结果，发现与疾病控制和预防中心对疫苗犹豫的估计相比，HIV感染者对接种COVID-19疫苗的犹豫程度更高。该研究还确定了导致疫苗犹豫的几个因素，包括年龄、居住城市、收入水平和HIV临床分期。解决这一特定人群中已确定的因素可能会降低犹豫程度。为确保该地区疫苗接种运动的成功，政策制定者和利益相关者应采取措施解决这些潜在因素，并促进该人群对COVID-19疫苗的更大接受度。
