Martínez-Gallego Irene, Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio
Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
Neuroscientist. 2025 Feb;31(1):47-64. doi: 10.1177/10738584241236773. Epub 2024 Mar 18.
Brain plasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change its structure and functioning in response to experiences. These changes occur mainly at synaptic connections, and this plasticity is named . During postnatal development, environmental influences trigger changes in synaptic plasticity that will play a crucial role in the formation and refinement of brain circuits and their functions in adulthood. One of the greatest challenges of present neuroscience is to try to explain how synaptic connections change and cortical maps are formed and modified to generate the most suitable adaptive behavior after different external stimuli. Adenosine is emerging as a key player in these plastic changes at different brain areas. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the induction and duration of synaptic plasticity at different postnatal brain development stages in which adenosine, probably released by astrocytes, directly participates in the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity and in the control of the duration of plasticity windows at different cortical synapses. In addition, we comment on the role of the different adenosine receptors in brain diseases and on the potential therapeutic effects of acting via adenosine receptors.
脑可塑性是指神经系统响应经验而改变其结构和功能的能力。这些变化主要发生在突触连接部位，这种可塑性被称为[此处原文缺失该可塑性的具体命名]。在出生后的发育过程中，环境影响会引发突触可塑性的变化，这将对成年后脑回路的形成和完善及其功能发挥至关重要的作用。当前神经科学面临的最大挑战之一是试图解释在不同外部刺激后，突触连接如何变化以及皮质图谱如何形成和修改，以产生最适宜的适应性行为。腺苷正成为不同脑区这些可塑性变化中的关键因素。在此，我们综述了目前关于在出生后不同脑发育阶段负责突触可塑性诱导和持续时间的机制的知识，在这些阶段，可能由星形胶质细胞释放的腺苷直接参与长期突触可塑性的诱导以及不同皮质突触可塑性窗口持续时间的控制。此外，我们还评论了不同腺苷受体在脑部疾病中的作用以及通过腺苷受体发挥作用的潜在治疗效果。
