Sanz-Gálvez Rafael, Falardeau Dominic, Kolta Arlette, Inglebert Yanis
Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l'Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, QC, Canada.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Oct 18;18:1477985. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1477985. eCollection 2024.
Information storage and transfer in the brain require a high computational power. Neuronal network display various local or global mechanisms to allow information storage and transfer in the brain. From synaptic to intrinsic plasticity, the rules of input-output function modulation have been well characterized in neurons. In the past years, astrocytes have been suggested to increase the computational power of the brain and we are only just starting to uncover their role in information processing. Astrocytes maintain a close bidirectional communication with neurons to modify neuronal network excitability, transmission, axonal conduction, and plasticity through various mechanisms including the release of gliotransmitters or local ion homeostasis. Astrocytes have been significantly studied in the context of long-term or short-term synaptic plasticity, but this is not the only mechanism involved in memory formation. Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability also participates in memory storage through regulation of voltage-gated ion channels or axonal morphological changes. Yet, the contribution of astrocytes to these other forms of non-synaptic plasticity remains to be investigated. In this review, we summarized the recent advances on the role of astrocytes in different forms of plasticity and discuss new directions and ideas to be explored regarding astrocytes-neuronal communication and regulation of plasticity.
大脑中的信息存储和传递需要强大的计算能力。神经网络展现出各种局部或全局机制，以实现大脑中的信息存储和传递。从突触可塑性到内在可塑性，神经元输入-输出功能调制的规则已得到充分表征。在过去几年里，有人提出星形胶质细胞可增强大脑的计算能力，而我们才刚刚开始揭示它们在信息处理中的作用。星形胶质细胞与神经元保持着密切的双向通讯，通过包括释放神经胶质递质或局部离子稳态等多种机制，来改变神经网络的兴奋性、传递、轴突传导和可塑性。在长期或短期突触可塑性的背景下，星形胶质细胞已得到大量研究，但这并非记忆形成所涉及的唯一机制。神经元内在兴奋性的可塑性也通过调节电压门控离子通道或轴突形态变化参与记忆存储。然而，星形胶质细胞对这些其他形式的非突触可塑性的贡献仍有待研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了星形胶质细胞在不同形式可塑性中作用的最新进展，并讨论了关于星形胶质细胞-神经元通讯和可塑性调节有待探索的新方向和新观点。
