Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Environ Res. 2024 Jun 15;251(Pt 2):118697. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118697. Epub 2024 Mar 16.
The health impacts of the rapid transition to the use of electric vehicles are largely unexplored. We completed a scoping review to assess the state of the evidence on use of battery electric and hybrid electric vehicles and health.
We conducted a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus, and Environmental Science Collection databases for articles published January 1990 to January 2024. We included articles if they presented observed or modeled data on the association between battery electric or hybrid electric cars, trucks, or buses and health-related outcomes. We abstracted data and summarized results.
Out of 897 reviewed articles, 52 met our inclusion criteria. The majority of included articles examined transitions to the use of electric vehicles (n = 49, 94%), with fewer studies examining hybrid electric vehicles (n = 11, 21%) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (n = 8, 15%). The most common outcomes examined were premature death (n = 41, 79%) and monetized health outcomes such as medical expenditures (n = 33, 63%). We identified only one observational study on the impact of electric vehicles on health; all other studies reported modeled data. Almost every study (n = 51, 98%) reported some evidence of a positive health impact of transitioning to electric or hybrid electric vehicles, although magnitudes of association varied. There was a paucity of information on the environmental justice implications of vehicle transitions.
The results of the current literature on electric vehicles and health suggest an overall positive health impact of transitioning to electric vehicles. Additional observational studies would help expand our understanding of the real-world health effects of electric vehicles. Future research focused on the environmental justice implications of vehicle fleet transitions could provide additional information about the extent to which the health benefits occur equitably across populations.
电动车辆的使用迅速过渡对健康的影响在很大程度上尚未得到探索。我们进行了范围界定审查，以评估有关电池电动汽车和混合动力电动汽车与健康相关的证据状况。
我们对 MEDLINE、Embase、全球健康、CINAHL、Scopus 和环境科学集合数据库进行了文献检索，检索了 1990 年 1 月至 2024 年 1 月期间发表的文章。如果文章提供了关于电池电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车或卡车、公共汽车与健康相关结果之间关联的观察或模拟数据，则将其纳入研究。我们提取数据并总结结果。
在审查的 897 篇文章中，有 52 篇符合我们的纳入标准。大多数纳入的文章研究了向电动汽车使用的转变（n=49，94%），而较少的研究考察了混合动力电动汽车（n=11，21%）或插电式混合动力电动汽车（n=8，15%）。检查的最常见结果是过早死亡（n=41，79%）和货币化的健康结果，如医疗支出（n=33，63%）。我们仅发现一项关于电动汽车对健康影响的观察性研究；所有其他研究都报告了模拟数据。几乎每一项研究（n=51，98%）都报告了向电动汽车或混合动力电动汽车过渡对健康产生积极影响的一些证据，尽管关联的程度有所不同。关于车辆过渡的环境正义影响的信息很少。
当前关于电动汽车和健康的文献结果表明，向电动汽车过渡总体上对健康有积极影响。更多的观察性研究将有助于我们进一步了解电动汽车在现实世界中的健康影响。未来集中研究车队过渡的环境正义影响，可以提供有关健康益处在人群中公平程度的更多信息。
