学龄前儿童基本运动技能和执行功能的发展关联——体力活动的作用及其对早期数学的影响。
Developmental associations of fundamental motor skills and executive functions in preschoolers - The role of the physical activity and the effects on early numeracy.
机构信息
Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland.
出版信息
Trends Neurosci Educ. 2024 Mar;34:100220. doi: 10.1016/j.tine.2024.100220. Epub 2024 Jan 15.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity, fundamental motor skills, executive functions and early numeracy have shown to be related, but very little is known about the developmental relations of these factors.
PROCEDURE
We followed 317 children (3-6 years) over two years. Fundamental motor skills and executive functions (inhibition+switching, updating) were measured at all time points (T1, T2, T3) and physical activity at T1 and early numeracy at T3.
MAIN FINDINGS
Children with better fundamental motor skills at T1 developed slower in inhibition and switching. Fundamental motor skills developed faster in children who had better initial inhibition and switching ability. Vigorous physical activity at T1 was associated with a weaker initial inhibition and switching. The initial level and the developmental rate of updating were related to better early numeracy skills.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate that fundamental motor skills and executive functions are developmentally related, and updating is an important predictor for early numeracy in preschoolers.
背景
身体活动、基本运动技能、执行功能和早期数学能力之间存在关联，但对于这些因素的发展关系知之甚少。
过程
我们对 317 名儿童（3-6 岁）进行了为期两年的跟踪研究。在所有时间点（T1、T2、T3）都测量了基本运动技能和执行功能（抑制+转换、更新），并在 T1 测量了身体活动，在 T3 测量了早期数学能力。
主要发现
在 T1 时基本运动技能更好的儿童在抑制和转换方面的发展速度较慢。在初始抑制和转换能力更好的儿童中，基本运动技能发展更快。T1 时剧烈的身体活动与初始抑制和转换能力较弱相关。更新的初始水平和发展速度与更好的早期数学能力相关。
结论
研究结果表明，基本运动技能和执行功能在发展上相互关联，更新是学前儿童早期数学能力的重要预测指标。
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