Golisano Center for Special Needs, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Comportamiento, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2024 May;121(3):314-326. doi: 10.1002/jeab.909. Epub 2024 Mar 18.
Resurgence refers to the relapse of a target behavior following the worsening of a source of alternative reinforcement that was made available during response elimination. Most laboratory analyses of resurgence have used a combination of extinction and alternative reinforcement to reduce target behavior. In contingency-management treatments for alcohol use disorder, however, alcohol use is not placed on extinction. Instead, participants voluntarily abstain from alcohol use to access nondrug alternative reinforcers. Inasmuch, additional laboratory research on resurgence following voluntary abstinence is warranted. The present experiment evaluated resurgence of rats' ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Lever pressing produced ethanol reinforcers during baseline phases. During DRO phases, lever pressing continued to produce ethanol and food reinforcers were delivered according to resetting DRO schedules. Ethanol and food reinforcers were suspended during resurgence test phases to evaluate resurgence following voluntary abstinence. Lever pressing was elevated during baseline phases and occurred at near-zero rates during DRO phases. During the resurgence test phases, lever pressing increased, despite that it no longer produced ethanol. The procedure introduced here may help researchers better understand the variables that affect voluntary abstinence from ethanol seeking and resurgence following voluntary abstinence.
复燃是指在目标行为的来源替代强化物恶化后，目标行为再次出现的现象，而这种替代强化物是在反应消除期间提供的。大多数关于复燃的实验室分析都使用了消退和替代强化的组合来减少目标行为。然而，在酒精使用障碍的行为管理治疗中，酒精使用并没有被置于消退状态。相反，参与者自愿戒除酒精使用，以获得非药物替代强化物。因此，有必要对自愿禁欲后的复燃进行更多的实验室研究。本实验评估了通过其他行为的差异强化（DRO）产生的自愿禁欲后大鼠对乙醇的寻求复燃。在基线阶段，按压杠杆会产生乙醇强化物。在 DRO 阶段，按压杠杆继续产生乙醇，并且根据重置的 DRO 时间表提供食物强化物。在复燃测试阶段暂停提供乙醇和食物强化物，以评估自愿禁欲后的复燃。在基线阶段，按压杠杆的频率增加，而在 DRO 阶段，按压杠杆的频率接近零。在复燃测试阶段，尽管按压杠杆不再产生乙醇，但按压杠杆的频率增加。这里介绍的程序可以帮助研究人员更好地理解影响自愿禁欲和自愿禁欲后复燃的变量。
