Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100,091, China.
Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, 262,550, China.
Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024 May;28(5):439-451. doi: 10.1007/s11916-024-01238-2. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
Tension-type headaches (TTH) significantly diminish patients' quality of life and increase absenteeism, thereby imposing a substantial economic burden. Animal models are essential tools for studying disease mechanisms and drug development. However, until now, little focus has been placed on summarizing the animal models of TTH and associated mechanistic studies. This narrative review discusses the current animal models of TTH and related mechanistic studies to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of and treatments for TTH.
The primary method for constructing an animal model of TTH involves injecting a solution of pain relievers, such as adenosine triphosphate, nerve growth factor, or a high concentration of salt solution, into the neck to initiate harmful cervical muscle responses. This model enables the examination of the interaction between peripheral muscles and central sensitization, which is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of TTH. Mechanistic studies based on this model have investigated the effect of the P2X receptor antagonist, P2X7 receptor blockade, the P2Y1 receptor agonist 2-MESADP, P2Y1 receptor antagonist MRS2179, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, and acetylsalicylic acid. Despite notable advancements, the current model of TTH has limitations, including surgical complexity and the inability to replicate chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). To gain a more comprehensive understanding and develop more effective treatment methods, future studies should focus on simplifying surgical procedures, examining other predisposing factors, and establishing a model for chronic TTH. This will offer a deeper insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of TTH and pave the way for improved treatment approaches.
紧张型头痛（TTH）显著降低了患者的生活质量并增加了旷工率，从而造成了巨大的经济负担。动物模型是研究疾病机制和药物开发的重要工具。然而，到目前为止，很少有人关注总结 TTH 的动物模型和相关的机制研究。本综述讨论了目前 TTH 的动物模型和相关的机制研究，以期深入了解 TTH 的病理生理机制和治疗方法。
构建 TTH 动物模型的主要方法是将止痛剂溶液（如三磷酸腺苷、神经生长因子或高浓度盐溶液）注入颈部，以引发有害的颈部肌肉反应。这种模型能够检查外周肌肉与中枢敏化之间的相互作用，这对于理解 TTH 的病理生理学至关重要。基于该模型的机制研究已经研究了 P2X 受体拮抗剂、P2X7 受体阻断、P2Y1 受体激动剂 2-MESADP、P2Y1 受体拮抗剂 MRS2179、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂和乙酰水杨酸的作用。尽管取得了显著进展，但目前的 TTH 模型仍存在局限性，包括手术复杂性和无法复制慢性紧张型头痛（CTTH）。为了更全面地理解并开发更有效的治疗方法，未来的研究应侧重于简化手术程序、研究其他诱发因素以及建立慢性 TTH 模型。这将深入了解 TTH 的病理生理机制，并为改进治疗方法铺平道路。
