考虑到视野和太阳镜引起的瞳孔扩张,计算眼睛中的太阳紫外线入射量。

Calculation of solar ultraviolet influx in the eye considering the field of view and pupillary dilation due to sunglasses.

机构信息

Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6604. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50831-9.

Abstract

The media and even the specialized literature report that the ultraviolet (UV) protection for sunglasses is critical, on the grounds that sunglasses can have a counter effect if the lenses do not provide adequate UV protection. They reason that the primary and natural mechanism is that the pupil of the eye contracts to attenuate radiation and protect the inner eye under sun exposure. Therefore, if dark lenses do not provide appropriate UV protection, there is an increased UV incidence in the inner eye due to pupil dilation, which enhances the adverse effects and impacts the ocular tissues more severely than in situations without UV protection. However, no existing literature properly quantified or supported this argument. In this work, the influx of solar UV throughout the pupil of the eye was calculated in two situations: when a person wear sunglasses and when he/she does not. In both situations, the pupil dilation and the field of view (squint) were considered with their dependence on the brightness of the ambient, calculated by modeling the solar irradiation. Finally, it was assessed whether sunglasses with poor UV protection actually increase the UV influx throughout the dilated pupil compared to the non-dilated pupil. A set of 214 sunglasses lenses were tested and the results show that pupil dilation does not play an important role in the UV influx throughout the pupil. It was observed that the FOV is the main player, surpassing the pupil size contribution by up to 314.3%, disproving the common explanation. Because of the major role of the FOV, our results show that sunglasses with UV-A protection below 86% may have a slight potential to increase hazards to the eye compared to not wearing sunglasses at all. These results can have direct impact on sunglasses standards regarding the UV protection linked to the category of the lenses.

摘要

媒体甚至专业文献都报道称,太阳镜的紫外线(UV)防护至关重要,因为如果镜片不能提供足够的 UV 防护,太阳镜可能会产生反作用。他们的理由是,眼睛瞳孔收缩以衰减辐射并在暴露于阳光下时保护内部眼睛,这是主要且自然的机制。因此,如果深色镜片不能提供适当的 UV 保护,由于瞳孔扩张,内部眼睛会有更多的 UV 入射,这会比没有 UV 保护的情况下更严重地增强不良反应并影响眼部组织。然而,没有现有的文献恰当地量化或支持这一论点。在这项工作中,通过计算两种情况(人戴太阳镜和不戴太阳镜时)来计算整个瞳孔的太阳 UV 流入。在这两种情况下,都考虑了瞳孔扩张和视野(斜视)及其对环境亮度的依赖性,通过模拟太阳辐射来计算。最后,评估了具有较差 UV 防护的太阳镜实际上是否会使整个扩张瞳孔的 UV 流入量比非扩张瞳孔的 UV 流入量增加。对 214 副太阳镜镜片进行了测试,结果表明,瞳孔扩张在整个瞳孔的 UV 流入中并没有起到重要作用。观察到,FOV 是主要因素,其贡献超过瞳孔大小的 314.3%,这反驳了常见的解释。由于 FOV 的重要作用,我们的结果表明,与完全不戴太阳镜相比,UV-A 防护低于 86%的太阳镜可能对眼睛有轻微的潜在危害增加。这些结果可能会直接影响与镜片类别相关的太阳镜 UV 防护标准。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4fe1/10951290/09d328090a6b/41598_2023_50831_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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