尼日利亚奥贡州两家三级医疗机构中接受治疗的儿童的结核病/艾滋病毒感染率及治疗成功率

Tuberculosis/HIV Prevalence and Treatment Success among Children Receiving Care in Two Tertiary Health Facilities within Ogun State, Nigeria.

作者信息

Bamidele Janet, Oguntayo Damilotun, Gbadebo Abiola, Jaiyesimi Ebunoluwa, Sodeinde Kolawole, Oniwide Tunde, Daniel Olusoji

机构信息

Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan, Ogun State, Nigeria.

出版信息

Niger Med J. 2021 Dec 10;62(1):33-39. eCollection 2021 Jan-Feb.

PMID:38504793

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10903288/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

About 1 million children become ill with tuberculosis every year, representing 10-12% of all cases of tuberculosis notified globally. HIV infection in children is often due to transmission from mothers to children. HIV infection in children increases their risk of having tuberculosis. Sub-Sahara Africa has one of the highest TB incidences and HIV prevalence thus children in this region bear a huge burden of TB/HIV infection. In addition, the treatment success rate in many countries is rarely disaggregated to evaluate children. Thus, this study aims to determine the prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection and treatment success among children with tuberculosis attending clinics in two tertiary institutions in Ogun State, Nigeria.

METHODOLOGY

The study was a retrospective cohort study of routine programme data of all children diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis from January 2015 to June 2017 in two tertiary hospitals in OgunState, Nigeria. The hospitals were Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu and Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Ogun State. Data were retrieved from the facility TB register and analyzed using epi info.

RESULTS

A total of 759 patients were registered for treatment at the two tertiary facilities between January 2015 and June 2017. Of these, 112(14.8%) were children 0-14 years of age. Most of the children (95.54%) had pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment success was 81.3%. About half (46.4%) of the patients were HIV positive. Age, site of disease, bacteriological diagnosis, and weight at the commencement of treatment were significantly associated with HIV status while none of the socio-demographic variables were associated with treatment outcome.

CONCLUSION

There is a need to look for ways to further improve the current treatment success rate of children with tuberculosis. There should be increased efforts also to find better ways of diagnosing childhood tuberculosis. The high HIV rate among children with TB is of concern and strategies should be put in place to prevent HIV transmission to children.

摘要

背景

每年约有100万儿童患结核病，占全球通报的所有结核病病例的10%-12%。儿童感染艾滋病毒通常是由于母婴传播。儿童感染艾滋病毒会增加患结核病的风险。撒哈拉以南非洲是结核病发病率和艾滋病毒流行率最高的地区之一，因此该地区的儿童承受着结核病/艾滋病毒感染的巨大负担。此外，许多国家的治疗成功率很少按儿童进行分类评估。因此，本研究旨在确定在尼日利亚奥贡州两家三级医疗机构就诊的结核病儿童中结核病/艾滋病毒合并感染的患病率及治疗成功率。

方法

本研究是一项回顾性队列研究，对2015年1月至2017年6月在尼日利亚奥贡州两家三级医院诊断和治疗的所有结核病儿童的常规项目数据进行分析。这两家医院分别是奥拉比西·奥纳班乔大学教学医院萨加穆分院和奥贡州阿贝奥库塔联邦医疗中心。数据从机构结核病登记册中检索，并使用Epi Info进行分析。

结果

2015年1月至2017年6月期间，两家三级医疗机构共有759名患者登记接受治疗。其中，112名（14.8%）为0至14岁的儿童。大多数儿童（95.54%）患有肺结核。治疗成功率为81.3%。约一半（46.4%）的患者艾滋病毒呈阳性。年龄、疾病部位、细菌学诊断和治疗开始时的体重与艾滋病毒感染状况显著相关，而社会人口统计学变量均与治疗结果无关。