Tian Qiyu, Chung Hoyoung, Wen Duancheng
Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2024 Apr 24;52(2):639-650. doi: 10.1042/BST20230479.
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), comprising embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offer immense potential for regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into all cell types of the adult body. A critical aspect of harnessing this potential is understanding their metabolic requirements during derivation, maintenance, and differentiation in vitro. Traditional culture methods using fetal bovine serum often lead to issues such as heterogeneous cell populations and diminished pluripotency. Although the chemically-defined 2i/LIF medium has provided solutions to some of these challenges, prolonged culturing of these cells, especially female ESCs, raises concerns related to genome integrity. This review discusses the pivotal role of lipids in genome stability and pluripotency of stem cells. Notably, the introduction of lipid-rich albumin, AlbuMAX, into the 2i/LIF culture medium offers a promising avenue for enhancing the genomic stability and pluripotency of cultured ESCs. We further explore the unique characteristics of lipid-induced pluripotent stem cells (LIP-ESCs), emphasizing their potential in regenerative medicine and pluripotency research.
多能干细胞（PSCs），包括胚胎干细胞（ESCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs），因其能够分化为成体的所有细胞类型，在再生医学中具有巨大潜力。利用这一潜力的一个关键方面是了解它们在体外衍生、维持和分化过程中的代谢需求。使用胎牛血清的传统培养方法常常导致细胞群体异质性和多能性降低等问题。尽管化学成分明确的2i/LIF培养基为其中一些挑战提供了解决方案，但长时间培养这些细胞，尤其是雌性胚胎干细胞，会引发与基因组完整性相关的担忧。本综述讨论了脂质在干细胞基因组稳定性和多能性中的关键作用。值得注意的是，将富含脂质的白蛋白AlbuMAX引入2i/LIF培养基为提高培养的胚胎干细胞的基因组稳定性和多能性提供了一条有前景的途径。我们进一步探讨了脂质诱导多能干细胞（LIP-ESCs）的独特特性，强调了它们在再生医学和多能性研究中的潜力。
