Gholampoor Negin, Sharif Amir Hossien, Mellor Duane
Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Kent, United Kingdom.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024 May;34(5):1097-1109. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.02.002. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Fasting is common in many religions and is associated with health benefits. This systematic review to compares the impact of different religious fasting practices, on risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
The search covered five databases following PRISMA guidelines to identify papers published in English from inception to March 2023 (updated January 2024). Inclusion criteria were healthy adults in observational studies, who engaged in religious fasting practices, studies were included where data on matched non-fasting individuals was available. Outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and fasting plasma glucose levels. A meta-analysis was conducted, and the review was registered (CRD42022352197). Fourteen studies were met the inclusion criteria with ten studies data being suitable for meta-analysis, reporting on 755 adults participating in fasting practices and 661 non-fasting controls. Religious fasting was associated with a reduction in BMI (-0.40 kg/m, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.10], p < 0.01). Observance of Ramadan fasting was associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (-3.83 mmHg, 95% CI [-7.44, -0.23], p = 0.04). The observance of Orthodox Christian fasting was associated with a reduction in TC (-0.52 mmoL/l, 95%CI [-0.64, -0.39], p < 0.01). No difference was found for the other outcomes.
This review found religious fasting practices which were associated with a reduction in some biomarkers of cardiometabolic diseases risk. Further research on other fasting practices is needed due to limited data.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要死因。禁食在许多宗教中很常见，且与健康益处相关。本系统评价旨在比较不同宗教禁食方式对心脏代谢疾病风险的影响。
按照PRISMA指南检索了五个数据库，以识别从创刊至2023年3月（2024年1月更新）发表的英文论文。纳入标准为观察性研究中的健康成年人，他们进行宗教禁食，研究中要有匹配的非禁食个体的数据。结局指标为收缩压和舒张压、体重指数（BMI）、甘油三酯、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLc）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLc）和空腹血糖水平。进行了荟萃分析，并注册了该评价（CRD42022352197）。14项研究符合纳入标准，其中10项研究的数据适合进行荟萃分析，报告了755名参与禁食的成年人和661名非禁食对照。宗教禁食与BMI降低相关（-0.40kg/m²，95%CI[-0.70，-0.10]，p<0.01）。斋月禁食与收缩压降低相关（-3.83mmHg，95%CI[-7.44，-0.23]，p=0.04）。东正教禁食与TC降低相关（-0.52mmol/L，95%CI[-0.64，-0.39]，p<0.01）。其他结局指标未发现差异。
本评价发现宗教禁食方式与某些心脏代谢疾病风险生物标志物的降低相关。由于数据有限，需要对其他禁食方式进行进一步研究。
