Donor-transmitted cystinuria in a renal transplant recipient.

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with defective proximal tubular reabsorption of divalent amino acids. It leads to increased cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine excretion in the urine. Cystine is insoluble in physiological pH, and cystinuria leads to crystalluria and nephrolithiasis. We present a case of acquired cystinuria in a renal transplant recipient, that is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of acquired cystinuria ever documented in the literature.