Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Epidemiol Health. 2024;46:e2024038. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2024038. Epub 2024 Mar 13.
With the end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the health outcomes of this disease in Korea must be examined. We aimed to investigate health outcomes and disparities linked to socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea and to identify risk factors for hospitalization and mortality.
This nationwide retrospective study incorporated an analysis of individuals with and without COVID-19 in Korea between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The study period was divided into 4 stages. Prevalence, hospitalization, mortality, and case-fatality rates were calculated per 100,000 population. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality.
Overall, the incidence rate was 40,601 per 100,000 population, the mortality rate was 105 per 100,000 population, and the case-fatality rate was 259 per 100,000 cases. A total of 12,577,367 new cases (24.5%) were recorded in stage 3 and 8,979,635 cases (17.5%) in stage 4. Medical Aid recipients displayed the lowest 3-year cumulative incidence rate (32,737 per 100,000) but the highest hospitalization (5,663 cases per 100,000), mortality (498 per 100,000), and case-fatality (1,521 per 100,000) rates. Male sex, older age, lower economic status, non-metropolitan area of residence, high Charlson comorbidity index, and disability were associated with higher risk of hospitalization and death. Vaccination was found to reduce mortality risk.
As the pandemic progressed, surges were observed in incidence, hospitalization, and mortality, exacerbating disparities associated with economic status and disability. Nevertheless, Korea has maintained a low case-fatality rate across all economic groups.
随着 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的结束，必须检查该疾病在韩国的健康结果。我们旨在调查大流行期间与社会经济地位相关的健康结果和差异，并确定住院和死亡的危险因素。
本全国性回顾性研究纳入了 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间韩国有和无 COVID-19 的个体分析。研究期间分为 4 个阶段。每 10 万人中计算发病率、住院率、死亡率和病死率。进行多变量逻辑回归以确定 COVID-19 住院和死亡的危险因素。
总体而言，发病率为每 10 万人 40,601 例，死亡率为每 10 万人 105 例，病死率为每 10 万人 259 例。第 3 阶段共记录了 12,577,367 例新病例（24.5%），第 4 阶段记录了 8,979,635 例（17.5%）。医疗补助受助人显示出最低的 3 年累积发病率（每 10 万人 32,737 例），但住院率（每 10 万人 5,663 例）、死亡率（每 10 万人 498 例）和病死率（每 10 万人 1,521 例）最高。男性、年龄较大、经济地位较低、非大都市地区居住、高 Charlson 合并症指数和残疾与住院和死亡风险增加相关。接种疫苗被发现可降低死亡率风险。
随着大流行的发展，发病率、住院率和死亡率呈上升趋势，加剧了与经济地位和残疾相关的差异。然而，韩国在所有经济群体中保持了较低的病死率。
