Huang Ling, Han Gang
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
Nat Rev Chem. 2024 Apr;8(4):238-255. doi: 10.1038/s41570-024-00585-3. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
Photon upconversion is a method for harnessing high-energy excited states from low-energy photons. Such photons, particularly in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges, can penetrate tissue deeply and undergo less competitive absorption in coloured reaction media, enhancing the efficiency of large-scale reactions and in vivo phototherapy. Among various upconversion methodologies, the organic-based triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) stands out - demonstrating high upconversion efficiencies, requiring low excitation power densities and featuring tunable absorption and emission wavelengths. These factors contribute to improved photochemical reactions for fields such as photoredox catalysis, photoactivation, 3D printing and immunotherapy. In this Review, we explore concepts and design principles of organic TTA-UC-mediated photochemical reactions, highlighting notable advancements in the field, as well as identify challenges and propose potential solutions. This Review sheds light on the potential of organic TTA-UC to advance beyond the traditional photochemical reactions and paves the way for research in various fields and clinical applications.
光子上转换是一种利用低能量光子产生高能量激发态的方法。这类光子，尤其是在红色和近红外波长范围内的光子，能够深入穿透组织，并且在有色反应介质中的竞争性吸收较少，从而提高大规模反应和体内光疗的效率。在各种上转换方法中，基于有机的三重态-三重态湮灭上转换（TTA-UC）脱颖而出——它展现出高上转换效率，所需的激发功率密度低，并且具有可调谐的吸收和发射波长。这些因素有助于改善光氧化还原催化、光活化、3D打印和免疫治疗等领域的光化学反应。在本综述中，我们探讨了有机TTA-UC介导的光化学反应的概念和设计原则，突出了该领域的显著进展，并识别了挑战并提出了潜在的解决方案。本综述揭示了有机TTA-UC超越传统光化学反应的潜力，并为各个领域的研究和临床应用铺平了道路。
