Department of Neurology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Yonsei Med J. 2024 Apr;65(4):217-226. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0119.
Research on the relationship between diet and dementia among Koreans are lacking. This study investigated the association between dietary habits and dementia progression over 3 years in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD).
This study included 705 patients with mild-to-moderate ADD. Dietary habits were assessed using the Mini Dietary Assessment Index, comprising 10 questions. Outcome measures included the Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Caregiver-Administered Neuropsychiatric Inventory (CGA-NPI), and neuropsychological test battery (NTB) z-scores, which were evaluated annually over 3 years.
In Q10 (eat all food evenly without being picky), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB (increases in scores represent worsening) compared to the "rarely" group were -1.86 [95% confidence interval (CI)=-3.64 - -0.09, =0.039] for the "usually" group and -2.23 (95% CI=-4.40 - -0.06, =0.044) for the "always" group. In Q7 (add salt or soy sauce to food when eating), the 3-year mean differences in CDR-SB compared to the "always" group were -2.47 (95% CI=-4.70 - -0.24, =0.030) for the "usually" group and -3.16 (95% CI=-5.36 - -0.96, =0.005) for the "rarely" group. The "rarely" and "usually" groups in Q7 showed significantly less decline in NTB z-score and CGA-NPI compared to the "always" group.
Eating a balanced diet and reducing salt intake were associated with a slower decline in dementia severity, cognition, and behavioral alterations in patients with ADD.
针对韩国人饮食与痴呆症关系的研究较为缺乏。本研究旨在调查饮食习惯与阿尔茨海默病性痴呆（ADD）患者 3 年内痴呆进展的相关性。
本研究纳入了 705 例轻中度 ADD 患者。采用 Mini 膳食评估指数（包括 10 个问题）评估饮食习惯。主要结局指标包括：临床痴呆评定量表-总和分（CDR-SB）、首尔日常生活活动量表、照料者管理的神经精神问卷（CGA-NPI）和神经心理学测试组合（NTB）z 评分，这些评分在 3 年内每年评估一次。
在 Q10（均衡进食，不挑食）方面，与“很少”组相比，“经常”组和“总是”组在 3 年内 CDR-SB 的平均差异分别为-1.86（95%置信区间[CI]=-3.64 至-0.09，=0.039）和-2.23（95% CI=-4.40 至-0.06，=0.044）。在 Q7（进食时添加盐或酱油）方面，与“总是”组相比，“经常”组和“很少”组在 3 年内 CDR-SB 的平均差异分别为-2.47（95% CI=-4.70 至-0.24，=0.030）和-3.16（95% CI=-5.36 至-0.96，=0.005）。与“总是”组相比，Q7 中“很少”和“经常”组的 NTB z 评分和 CGA-NPI 下降幅度显著较小。
在 ADD 患者中，均衡饮食和减少盐摄入与痴呆严重程度、认知和行为改变的减缓相关。
