Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Center for Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2024 May 16;49(5):372-381. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae018.
Research provides support for the associated risk of inadequate sleep duration, limited physical activity, and excessive media use in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. The present study aims to (1) examine the association between ADHD and overweight or obese status (OW/OB); (2) comprehensively examine sleep duration, physical activity, and media use as potential moderators of OW/OB; and (3) examine the moderating effects of these health behaviors cross-sectionally by comparing medicated youth with ADHD, unmedicated youth with ADHD, and youth without ADHD.
Data were acquired from the 2018 and 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationally representative survey of caregivers conducted across the United States. The current study used data for youth 11-17 years old with a final sample size of 26,644. Hours of sleep, physical activity, and media use per day were dichotomized based on national recommendation guidelines for each health behavior (i.e., either meeting or not meeting guidelines).
The OW/OB prevalence rate was 7% greater among unmedicated youth with ADHD than among medicated youth with ADHD. Medicated youth with ADHD and peers without ADHD had similar OW/OB rates. Among medicated youth with ADHD, physical activity, sleep duration, and media use did not contribute to OW/OB risk after controlling for family poverty level. However, among unmedicated youth with ADHD, meeting sleep duration guidelines was linked to a lower OW/OB risk.
Overall, findings suggest that clinical providers and parents may wish to prioritize improved sleep duration in the management of OW/OB risk in youth with ADHD.
研究为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和肥胖症与睡眠不足、身体活动受限和过度使用媒体之间的相关风险提供了支持。本研究旨在：（1）检验 ADHD 与超重或肥胖状态（OW/OB）之间的关联；（2）全面研究睡眠时长、身体活动和媒体使用作为 OW/OB 的潜在调节因素；（3）通过比较患有 ADHD 的用药青年、患有 ADHD 未用药青年和无 ADHD 的青年，来检验这些健康行为的跨截面调节作用。
数据来自 2018 年和 2019 年的全国儿童健康调查，这是一项针对美国全国范围内的护理人员进行的具有代表性的调查。本研究使用了年龄在 11-17 岁的青年的数据，最终样本量为 26644 人。根据每个健康行为的国家推荐指南（即，是否符合指南），将每天的睡眠时间、身体活动和媒体使用时间分为两类。
与用药的 ADHD 青年相比，未用药的 ADHD 青年的 OW/OB 患病率高 7%。用药的 ADHD 青年和无 ADHD 的同龄人具有相似的 OW/OB 率。在用药的 ADHD 青年中，在控制家庭贫困水平后，身体活动、睡眠时长和媒体使用并不能增加 OW/OB 的风险。然而，在未用药的 ADHD 青年中，符合睡眠时长指南与 OW/OB 风险降低相关。
总体而言，研究结果表明，临床医生和家长可能希望在 ADHD 青年的 OW/OB 风险管理中优先考虑改善睡眠时长。
