de Oliveira Lívia de Lacerda, de Alencar Figueiredo Lúcio Flávio
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
J Food Sci. 2024 Dec;89(S1):A5-A29. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.17011. Epub 2024 Mar 22.
Sorghum is key for global food security due to its genetic variability, resilience, and rich phytonutrient content, which are linked to numerous health benefits. A systematic review assessed the health effects of sorghum by analyzing cell (n = 22), animal (n = 20), and human (n = 7) studies across antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, and diabetes outcomes. This review, involving 42 papers and 177 researchers from 12 countries, collected data from sorghum accessions (acc) and significant effects. Studies used 68 identified and 8 unidentified sorghums, 57% red (n = 20), brown (n = 5), and black (n = 17) pericarp colors, and evaluated whole (n = 31), brans (n = 11), and decorticated grains (n = 2). Colored sorghum, richer in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanins and tannins, inhibited cancer cell activities, including proliferation, tumor growth, and ROS activity, and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Sorghum elevated HO1 and eNOS expression for cardiovascular, health-reduced platelet aggregation, and modulated platelet microparticles. They also suppressed inflammation markers and decreased lipid accumulation. Animal studies indicated sorghum's potential across antioxidant capacity, cancer and inflammation mitigation, and lipid and glucose metabolism. Translating these findings to human scenarios requires caution, especially considering cell studies do not fully represent polyphenol metabolism. Human studies provided mixed results, indicating antioxidant and potential anti-inflammatory benefits and nuanced effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. The main risks of bias highlighted challenges in quantifying phytonutrients, identifying sorghum acc features, and lack of assessors blinding. Nonetheless, sorghum emerges as a promising functional food for countering chronic diseases in Western diets.
高粱因其遗传变异性、适应性和丰富的植物营养素含量，对全球粮食安全至关重要，这些因素与众多健康益处相关。一项系统综述通过分析细胞（n = 22）、动物（n = 20）和人体（n = 7）研究，评估了高粱在抗氧化、抗炎、肥胖、癌症、心血管和糖尿病等方面的健康影响。该综述涉及来自12个国家的42篇论文和177名研究人员，收集了高粱种质（acc）的数据及显著影响。研究使用了68种已鉴定和8种未鉴定的高粱，57%为红色（n = 20）、棕色（n = 5）和黑色（n = 17）果皮颜色，并评估了整粒（n = 31）、麸皮（n = 11）和去皮谷物（n = 2）。富含酚类化合物，尤其是3 - 脱氧花青素和单宁的有色高粱，可抑制癌细胞活动，包括增殖、肿瘤生长和ROS活性，并促进细胞周期停滞和凋亡。高粱可提高HO1和eNOS表达，有利于心血管健康，减少血小板聚集，并调节血小板微粒。它们还能抑制炎症标志物并减少脂质积累。动物研究表明高粱在抗氧化能力、减轻癌症和炎症以及脂质和葡萄糖代谢方面具有潜力。将这些发现转化到人类情况时需谨慎，尤其是考虑到细胞研究不能完全代表多酚代谢。人体研究结果不一，表明具有抗氧化和潜在抗炎益处以及对葡萄糖和脂质代谢的细微影响。主要的偏倚风险突出了在量化植物营养素、识别高粱acc特征以及缺乏评估者盲法方面的挑战。尽管如此，高粱作为一种有前景的功能性食品，有望对抗西方饮食中的慢性疾病。
