Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
Fibre and Polymer Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr;31(19):27846-27863. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32684-5. Epub 2024 Mar 23.
Trace element pollution from anthropogenic sources is increasingly widespread. This pollution in terrestrial environments threatens agricultural crop production, while in aquatic environments, it threatens fish cultivation. The contamination of these crucial food sources raises significant concerns regarding food safety, security, and its potential adverse effects on human health. Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to heavy metal pollution due to their proximity to industrial and urban centres, as well as their susceptibility to contamination from marine sources. In attempting to identify the sources of heavy metals (As, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and measure their contributions, we collected soil samples from thirty sites along the three coastal districts (Patuakhali, Barguna, and Bhola) in Bangladesh. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, heavy metal concentrations in soil samples were measured and three receptor models (PMF, PCA-MLR, and UNMIX) were applied to detect their sources. Pairwise correlation analysis of metal concentrations in 30 sites across 3 coastal districts showed all possible patterns, including both significant and insignificant positive and negative relationships between different metals, except for As and Hg which did not display any significant relationships with other metals. The concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn exceed the US-EPA sediment quality standard. The applied PCA-MLR, PMF, and UNMIX models identified several sources of heavy metal contamination, including (i) mixed anthropogenic and natural activities: contribution of 59%, 37%, and 43%, and (ii) vehicle emissions: contribution of 23%, 26% and 29%. The recognized metal sources should be prioritised to avoid the discharge of poisonous pollutants from anthropogenic factors and any possible future exposure. This study's findings have implications for ongoing monitoring and management of heavy metal contamination in coastal environments to mitigate potential health and ecological impacts and can inform policy development and management strategies.
人为来源的微量元素污染日益普遍。这种陆地环境中的污染威胁着农业作物的生产，而在水生环境中，它则威胁着鱼类养殖。这些关键食物来源的污染引起了人们对食品安全、保障以及其对人类健康可能产生的不利影响的极大关注。由于靠近工业和城市中心以及容易受到海洋来源的污染，沿海地区特别容易受到重金属污染。为了确定重金属（As、Cu、Cr、Cd、Fe、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb 和 Zn）的来源并测量其贡献，我们从孟加拉国三个沿海地区（巴鲁纳、包纳加和博格拉）的 30 个地点采集了土壤样本。我们使用原子吸收光谱法测量了土壤样本中的重金属浓度，并应用三种受体模型（PMF、PCA-MLR 和 UNMIX）来检测其来源。对 30 个沿海地区 30 个地点的金属浓度进行的两两相关性分析显示了所有可能的模式，包括不同金属之间存在显著和不显著的正相关和负相关关系，除了 As 和 Hg 与其他金属没有显示出任何显著关系。Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni 和 Zn 的浓度超过了美国环保署的沉积物质量标准。应用的 PCA-MLR、PMF 和 UNMIX 模型确定了重金属污染的几个来源，包括（i）混合人为和自然活动：贡献分别为 59%、37%和 43%，（ii）车辆排放：贡献分别为 23%、26%和 29%。应优先考虑识别出的金属来源，以避免人为因素排放有毒污染物和任何可能的未来暴露。本研究的结果对正在进行的沿海环境重金属污染监测和管理具有重要意义，可以减轻潜在的健康和生态影响，并为政策制定和管理策略提供信息。
