Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
BMC Med. 2024 Mar 22;22(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03358-3.
Alterations in sleep have been described in multiple health conditions and as a function of several medication effects. However, evidence generally stems from small univariate studies. Here, we apply a large-sample, data-driven approach to investigate patterns between in sleep macrostructure, quantitative sleep EEG, and health.
We use data from the MrOS Sleep Study, containing polysomnography and health data from a large sample (N = 3086) of elderly American men to establish associations between sleep macrostructure, the spectral composition of the electroencephalogram, 38 medical disorders, 2 health behaviors, and the use of 48 medications.
Of sleep macrostructure variables, increased REM latency and reduced REM duration were the most common findings across health indicators, along with increased sleep latency and reduced sleep efficiency. We found that the majority of health indicators were not associated with objective EEG power spectral density (PSD) alterations. Associations with the rest were highly stereotypical, with two principal components accounting for 85-95% of the PSD-health association. PC1 consists of a decrease of slow and an increase of fast PSD components, mainly in NREM. This pattern was most strongly associated with depression/SSRI medication use and age-related disorders. PC2 consists of changes in mid-frequency activity. Increased mid-frequency activity was associated with benzodiazepine use, while decreases were associated with cardiovascular problems and associated medications, in line with a recently proposed hypothesis of immune-mediated circadian demodulation in these disorders. Specific increases in sleep spindle frequency activity were associated with taking benzodiazepines and zolpidem. Sensitivity analyses supported the presence of both disorder and medication effects.
Sleep alterations are present in various health conditions.
睡眠的改变在多种健康状况中都有描述，并且是几种药物作用的一个功能。然而，证据通常来自于小的单变量研究。在这里，我们采用大样本、数据驱动的方法来研究睡眠结构、定量睡眠脑电图与健康之间的关系。
我们使用来自 MrOS 睡眠研究的数据，该研究包含了来自大量美国老年男性的多导睡眠图和健康数据，以建立睡眠结构、脑电图的频谱组成与 38 种医学疾病、2 种健康行为以及 48 种药物之间的关系。
在睡眠结构变量中，快速眼动潜伏期增加和快速眼动持续时间减少是与大多数健康指标相关的最常见发现，同时还有睡眠潜伏期增加和睡眠效率降低。我们发现，大多数健康指标与客观脑电图功率谱密度（PSD）改变没有关联。与其余指标的关联非常刻板，两个主成分占 PSD-健康关联的 85-95%。PC1 由慢波 PSD 成分减少和快波 PSD 成分增加组成，主要在非快速眼动睡眠中。这种模式与抑郁/SSRIs 药物使用和与年龄相关的疾病关联最密切。PC2 由中频活动的变化组成。中频活动增加与苯二氮䓬类药物使用有关，而减少则与心血管问题及其相关药物有关，这与最近提出的这些疾病中免疫介导的昼夜节律解调假说一致。睡眠纺锤波频率活动的特定增加与苯二氮䓬类药物和唑吡坦的使用有关。敏感性分析支持疾病和药物作用的存在。
睡眠改变存在于各种健康状况中。
