Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Mar 23;51(1):443. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09384-x.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer that accounts for approximately 2-3% of adult malignancies. Among the primary treatment methods for this type of cancer are surgery and targeted treatment. Still, due to less than optimal effectiveness, there are problems such as advanced distant metastasis, delayed diagnosis, and drug resistance that continue to plague patients. In recent years, therapeutic advances have increased life expectancy and effective treatment in renal cell carcinoma patients. One of these methods is the use of stem cells. Although the therapeutic effects of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, are still impressive, today, extracellular vesicles (EVs) as carrying molecules and various mediators in intercellular communications, having a central role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response, and on the other hand, due to its low immunogenicity and strong regulatory properties of the immune system, has received much attention from researchers and doctors. Despite the increasing interest in exosomes as the most versatile type of EVs, the heterogeneity of their efficacy presents challenges and, on the other hand, exciting opportunities for diagnostic and clinical interventions.In the upcoming article, we will review the various aspects of exosomes' effects in the prevention, treatment, and progress of renal cell carcinoma and also ways to optimize them to strengthen their positive sides.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是最常见的肾癌类型，约占成人恶性肿瘤的 2-3%。这种癌症的主要治疗方法包括手术和靶向治疗。尽管如此，由于效果不理想，仍然存在晚期远处转移、诊断延迟和耐药性等问题，这些问题继续困扰着患者。近年来，治疗进展提高了肾细胞癌患者的预期寿命和有效治疗。其中一种方法是使用干细胞。尽管干细胞，特别是间充质干细胞的治疗效果仍然令人印象深刻，但今天，细胞间通讯中的分子和各种介质的载体——细胞外囊泡（EVs）在肿瘤发生、转移、免疫逃逸和药物反应中起着核心作用，另一方面，由于其免疫原性低和免疫系统的强大调节特性，受到了研究人员和医生的广泛关注。尽管人们对作为最通用的 EV 类型的外泌体越来越感兴趣，但它们疗效的异质性带来了挑战，另一方面也为诊断和临床干预提供了令人兴奋的机会。在即将发表的文章中，我们将回顾外泌体在预防、治疗和进展肾细胞癌方面的各种作用，并探讨优化它们以增强其积极方面的方法。
