CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.
Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany; Tyumen State University, 625003, Tyumen, Russia; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN) University, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Apr;356:120574. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120574. Epub 2024 Mar 23.
The resource quantity and elemental stoichiometry play pivotal roles in shaping belowground biodiversity. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the influence of different plant communities established through monoculture plantations on soil fungi and bacteria's taxonomic and functional dynamics. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the regulation and adaptation of microbial communities at the taxonomic and functional levels in response to communities formed over 34 years through monoculture plantations of coniferous species (Japanese larch, Armand pine, and Chinese pine), deciduous forest species (Katsura), and natural shrubland species (Asian hazel and Liaotung oak) in the temperate climate. The taxonomic and functional classifications of fungi and bacteria were examined for the mineral topsoil (0-10 cm) using MiSeq-sequencing and annotation tools of microorganisms (FAPROTAX and Funguild). Soil bacterial (6.52 ± 0.15) and fungal (4.46 ± 0.12) OTUs' diversity and richness (5.8310±100 and 1.1210±46.4, respectively) were higher in the Katsura plantation compared to Armand pine and Chinese pine. This difference was attributed to low soil DOC/OP (24) and DON/OP (11) ratios in the Katsura, indicating that phosphorus availability increased microbial community diversity. The Chinese pine plantation exhibited low functional diversity (3.34 ± 0.04) and richness (45.2 ± 0.41) in bacterial and fungal communities (diversity 3.16 ± 0.15 and richness 56.8 ± 3.13), which could be attributed to the high C/N ratio (25) of litter. These findings suggested that ecological stoichiometry, such as of enzyme, litter C/N, soil DOC/DOP, and DON/DOP ratios, was a sign of the decoupling of soil microorganisms at the genetic and functional levels to land restoration by plantations. It was found that the stoichiometric ratios of plant biomass served as indicators of microbial functions, whereas the stoichiometric ratios of available nutrients in soil regulated microbial genetic diversity. Therefore, nutrient stoichiometry could serve as a strong predictor of microbial diversity and composition during forest restoration.
资源数量和元素化学计量在塑造地下生物多样性方面起着关键作用。然而，对于通过单一栽培种植建立的不同植物群落对土壤真菌和细菌的分类和功能动态的影响，仍然存在着很大的知识空白。本研究旨在阐明在分类和功能水平上调节和适应微生物群落的机制，以响应通过针叶树种（日本落叶松、华山松和油松）、落叶林树种（桂）和天然灌丛树种（榛子和辽东栎）的单一栽培种植形成的群落，在温带气候下，经过 34 年的时间。使用 MiSeq 测序和微生物注释工具（FAPROTAX 和 Funguild）对矿物表土（0-10cm）中的真菌和细菌进行了分类和功能分类。与华山松和油松相比，桂种植园中土壤细菌（6.52±0.15）和真菌（4.46±0.12）OTUs 的多样性和丰富度（分别为 5.8310±100 和 1.1210±46.4）更高。这一差异归因于桂中较低的土壤 DOC/OP（24）和 DON/OP（11）比值，表明磷的可用性增加了微生物群落的多样性。中国松种植园的细菌和真菌群落的功能多样性（3.34±0.04）和丰富度（45.2±0.41）较低（多样性 3.16±0.15，丰富度 56.8±3.13），这可能归因于凋落物的高 C/N 比（25）。这些发现表明，生态化学计量学，如酶、凋落物 C/N、土壤 DOC/DOP 和 DON/DOP 比值，是土壤微生物在遗传和功能水平上与种植园土地恢复脱钩的标志。研究发现，植物生物量的化学计量比可以作为微生物功能的指标，而土壤中有效养分的化学计量比则调节微生物的遗传多样性。因此，养分化学计量比可以作为森林恢复过程中微生物多样性和组成的有力预测因子。
